Marketing Communication Strategies for Kudler Fine Foods

Marketing Communication Strategies While Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) will offer similar products both domestically and internationally, the marketing communication strategies will be both similar and different amongst its regional interests. By understanding the comparing and contrasting of the KFF market strategies in the United States, as well as overseas, effective marketing communication can be determined and utilized. Comparison Considering the company’s expansion to both Canada and England, one obvious similarity, is that there will be no language barrier.Although phrases and slang may differ, for the most part, the labeling and promoting will be understandable by all countries. Language barriers can often be a struggle for international businesses, but in this case, interpreting market trends and consumer wants will be easier to help design effective marketing strategies. Likewise, KFF will meet competition in both domestic and international markets, which affects how commu nication strategies will change based on market needs.Competition will determine whether or not KFF will maintain its superiority in the domestic market and its success in the new international markets, (â€Å"Difference Between Domestic And International Marketing†,  2013). Contrast Similarly, the types of competitors and how to combat each situation will differ with the domestic and international marketing communication. For starters, KFF already has a foothold in the domestic market, whereas they are just entering a new market internationally. In this case, internationally market communication is more complex and requires more financial resources, time, effort, and contains higher risk.Differently, the audience will change between domestic and internationally consumers. Understanding the cultural differences and market demands are the highest priority. In this way, how a product is marketed will change amongst the regional locations. Also the laws that govern each countr y may affect what can be marketed and how. It is essential to understanding all business laws that pertain to KFF during the planning phase. Last, another noticeable difference is the budget amount for marketing in domestic and international strategies.The budget is smaller for the domestic marketing, because KFF already has a reputation built and already has the necessary marketing in place. However, internationally, the marketing requires building. In this way, the budget for marketing strategies will be higher, (â€Å"Difference Between Domestic And International Marketing†,  2013). Reference: Difference Between Domestic and International Marketing. (2013). Retrieved from http://www. differencebetween. net/business/difference-between-domestic-and-international-marketing/

Investigating stoichiometry Essay

In this experiment we are going to get a better understanding of chemical stoichiometry. We are going to be reacting sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) with hydrochloric acid (HCl). To start off the mass of two unknown substances (being the sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate) will be taken. We will need to construct balanced equations for both of the reactants with the HCl and use this to guide us to figure out how much HCl will be needed to react with each of the unknown substances. When this part is through we will then need to find the percent yield (actual yield/theoretical yield x 100). Determining the mass of sodium chloride at the end of the experiment is the actual yield. To find the theoretical yield we will need to heat the sodium chloride so that all the CO2 evaporates and that will leave us with the theoretical yield of sodium chloride. Chemical Reactions NaHCO3 + HCl = NaCl + H20 + CO2 Na2CO3 + HCl = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 Theoretical yields .15g NaHCO3 (1mol NaHCO3/84.0059g NaHCO3) (1mol HCl/1mol NaHCO3) (58.44gNaCl/1molNaCl) = .1043 g NaCl .15g Na2CO3 (1mol Na2CO3/105.988g Na2CO3) (1mol HCl/1mol Na2CO3) (58.44gNaCl/1molNaCl) = .165 g NaCl Experimental Procedure Standardization of Unknown 1 1) Weigh duplicate 0.15 g samples of unknown 1. Dissolve samples in 100- ml distilled water. 2) Add bromocresol green indicator, until the solution turns into blue. Titrate it with HCl until green color is reached. 3) Heat and boil out CO2 gently. You should obtain a blue color again at the end of this step. Cool to room temperature, and continue titration until yellow color is reached. Note down the volume seen on the buret. 4) Heat the substance again until all the liquid is gone and you’re left with salt looking particles inside the beaker. 5) Weigh the beaker with the salt inside of it. Then, clean out the beaker thoroughly and weigh the empty  beaker again. Use these two weights to find the mass in grams of the salt like particles that were previously in the beaker. Standardization of Unknown 2 1) Weigh duplicate 0.15 g samples of unknown 1. Dissolve samples in 100- ml distilled water. 2) Add bromocresol green indicator, until the solution turns into blue. Titrate it with HCl until green color is reached. 3) Heat and boil out CO2 gently. You should obtain a blue color again at the end of this step. Cool to room temperature, and continue titration until yellow color is reached. Note down the volume seen on the buret. 4) Heat the substance again until all the liquid is gone and you’re left with salt looking particles inside the beaker. 5) Weigh the beaker with the salt inside of it. Then, clean out the beaker thoroughly and weigh the empty beaker again. Use these two weights to find the mass in grams of the salt like particles that were previously in the beaker. Now to identify which substance is NaHCO3 and which is Na2CO3 pay close attention the mass recorded for the salt like particles that were left in the beaker. The one that is closest to .1043 g is the NaHCO3 and the one closest to .165 g is the Na2CO3. Results Grams recorded for Unknown 1- .07 g Unknown 1=NaHCO3 Percent yield= 67% Grams recorded for Unknown 2- .14 g Unknown 2= Na2CO3 Percent yield= 85% Discussion When trying to identify which unknown substance was NaHCO3 and which was Na2CO3. We had to make sure to titrate and treat each unknown with the same amount of attention. By over titrating one of the unknowns we could have messed up the experiment and would have had to start over. When heating the liquid on the hot plate, we were making all the CO2 in the liquid evaporate leaving us with just the salt like particles that we were looking for. By weighing the salt we were able to justify what the substance was because of previous conversions that we had worked out. Conclusion The purpose of this experiment was to show how titrating a substance can help to identify that substance. Knowing how to work with stoichiometry equations is also a big part of this lab because we used those equations to help us compare and figure out the identity of the substance. After titrating and  evaporating the CO2, the weight of unknown 1 was .07 g which was closest to the theoretical yield of .1043 g. Unknown 1 was identified as NaHCO3. After titrating and evaporating the CO2, the weight of unknown 2 was .14 g which was closest to the theoretical yield of .165 g. Unknown 2 was identified as Na2CO3.

Financial Performance of Apple Inc from 2002 to 2011 Research Paper

Financial Performance of Apple Inc from 2002 to 2011 - Research Paper Example The current ratio position of the company, which is â€Å"greater than 1,† offers a high leeway of liquidity (Kennon p 1). The Quick Ratio of Apple, which is 1.35, indicates their liquidity in terms of readily available finance. Similarly, the leverage ratio is 1.52 which indicates a sound debt and equity position, where investors can expect high returns. Moreover, a proportionate increase occurred in the Earning Per Share. The EPS has risen from 0.09 $ to 27.68 $ during the period between 2002 and 2011. This accounts for an appreciation of over three thousand times in ten years or an average growth of 300 times a year. Thus, the company stands to attract a lot of investors, which, in turn, will further escalate the rate of their share and add further value to the company. The price/sales ratio was 4.23%, compared to companies such as HP, Google, and Samsung. Apple, a leading manufacturer of computer hardware and software, iPods, mobile phones and other gadgets, was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, with the former as the CEO. Tim Cook was appointed for new CEO. From 2011, Dr. Arthur D Levinson was the director of Apple. The SVP heads are Mr. Jeffery E Williams (SVP Operation), Mr. Peter Oppenheimer (SVP and CFO), Mr. Guy Tribble (VP Software Technology), Mr. John Browett (SVP Retail), Mr. Eduardo H. Cue (SVP Internet Software and Services), Mr. Craig Federighi (SVP Software Engineering), Mr. Scott Forstall (SVP iOS Software) and Mr. Jonathan Ive SVP Industrial Design.  

Samgsung Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samgsung Electronics - Essay Example The high quality of products is implicit, but never sufficient. Innovations are the key to success in these markets, but they come at a high price and are very easily copied. It takes a mix of luck, great management and a visionary business approach to make it in today’s overcrowded marketplace. Samsung, one of the largest Korean companies, begins its second century. The new digital era has brought revolutionary opportunities and changes to global business. Samsung has come up with solutions to these changes by upgrading its business structure, management perspective, and corporate culture to meet the new global standards (Samsung.com). Since its founding in 1938, Samsung has grown from a domestic industrial leader into a global consumer electronics powerhouse. The company is presently recognized as one of the world’s leaders in digital technology, holding the number one market share for thirteen products of the range (among which semiconductors, TFT-LCDs, monitors and CDMA mobile phones). These considered, the company’s target is an increase on this number to thirty in the following year. On the main priorities of the company is the research and development function, especially on the semiconductor line that includes flash memory and non-memory, custom semiconductors, DRAM and SRAM. The department in charge with this vital function comprises 13,000 researchers, and the financial investment is large - US$ 1.7 billion. But there is no other way in the technological fields, and the management at Samsung knows it better than anyone, having an experience of many decades. From a financial perspective, the company offers its clients services that have been appreciated and awarded. The Samsung Card is a payment solution that was selected as the "Best Card Company in the New Millennium" by MasterCard. This type of facilities and incentives for clients come as a plus to the products, more than a marketing tool – a long-term business development

Nonverbal communication in romantic relationships - literature review Essay

Nonverbal communication in romantic relationships - literature review - Essay Example What individuals do is also reliable indicator of internal feelings. Four studies comprise this literature review. â€Å"Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors and Liking in Marital Relationships† (Hinkle, 1999) measured the frequency of positive nonverbal behaviors in married couples and found a strong correlation with the subjects’ reported liking for one another. â€Å"Relational Messages Associated with Nonverbal Involvement, Pleasantness, and Expressiveness in Romantic Couples† (Le Poire, Duggan, Shepard & Burgoon, 2002) focused on vocal involvement, showing that partners perceived intimacy based on tone. The results of â€Å"Patterns of Matching and Initiation: Touch Behavior and Touch Avoidance across Romantic Relationship Stages† (Guerrero & Anderson, 1994) indicated sex differences in the initiation of touch, with men choosing the dominant role of initiation early in the relationship and women becoming the initiators after marriage. â€Å"Adult Attachment Style and Nonverbal Closeness in Dating Couples† (Tucker & An ders, 1998) reported that secure attachment style resulted in more positive touching. Although it may seem obvious that nonverbal communication—in general, a subconscious act—should correlate with relational satisfaction, researchers may take nothing for granted. Thus, the Hinkle study cited research that reported relationships have a greater success if the partners like one another. They also defined nonverbal immediacy as â€Å"behaviors such as touching, smiling, and making eye contact with another person† (Hinkle, 1999) and hypothesized that the more immediacy behaviors displayed by an individual, the more their partner liked them. The focus of their research was related to the duration of the relationship. They found that correlation remained constant, but that liking behaviors were strongest in the first year of the marriage and after the twenty-fourth year (Hinkle, 1999). Guerrero and Anderson began with a

Motivating employees Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivating employees - Assignment Example Motivation has also been known to improve the efficiency of the employees as they will not depend only on extrinsic factors to spur them into action. Instead, they will perform their best because of the intrinsic satisfaction they have attained from using their capabilities to meet set company objectives. This will increase productivity, reduce cost of operations and improve on the overall efficacy of the employees. The profitability of a company is mainly gauged by accomplishing the goals and objectives of the company. Through motivation, workers will be able to achieve this by proper utilization of the available resources, enhancing cohesion within the workplace, giving the employees a chance to work towards common goals. This is in addition to allowing skills and capabilities to be exposed by creating an opportunity for every employee to showcase their skills under different scenarios (Pritchard and Ashwood 6). With a stable workforce, clients are assured of efficient and quick services, effective response to their claims and suggestions as well as proper treatment from the employees. With motivated personnel, these goals are easy to

Negative Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negative Decisions - Essay Example (Hoch, p. 26) The case with Barings Bank is one of the most vivid examples of how wrong decisions may affect a stable and seemingly reliable company. The theory and experience of decision-making state that the person should foresee all possible consequences of his actions in order to avoid possible catastrophe. It is evident that Nick Leeson omitted this regulation. He made a strategic error in his decision and this led to a collapse, which caused the bank experience trading losses that exceeded $1 billion. This accident happened in 1992, in the middle of July. It started with an error made by one young trader, working in Singapore office of the Barings Bank. This young specialist had to buy the contracts, but he sold these contracts instead, by mistake. Due to this error the bank had losses for about $30000, and the company had to cover these losses. Lesson decided to cover up this error. The question here is whether Leeson should have revealed this mistake to supervising managers or hided it. As it has been said above, he decided to hide it, wishing to help and support one of his employees. This was the first stage in a series of mistakes on many levels that resulted in collapse of the bank. What has started with an attempt to conceal employee's mistake, resulted in multiple attempts to hide his own mistakes in derivative market, and this deception together with many negative decisions led the bank to crash. As the experts comment similar situations, "How did a back office clerk in his 20s become responsible for bankrupting one of the world's oldest merchant banks The answer: many bad decisions" (Hoch, p. 40). It is evident that this manager cannot be fully responsible of what happened to company. His own mistakes that he tried to hide were evidently known to supervising managers, but these errors produced the same wrong decisions as he had once made, and supervising managers allowed him to act independently and provided him with the holes to slip through. It is known that Nick Leeson started his working career as the manager who was responsible for fixing the mistakes of other traders. These were the mistakes connected to calling out the orders to sell or buy. As a rule, these mistakes are usually noticed and fixed within a day and a night in special departments. Leeson had a capability to detail and scrupulous working, so this feature had helped him in getting this job three years before he made his fatal decision. Soon after he started working, he was sent to Jakarta branch to examine heaps of papers accumulated in one of the offices. Then in 1992 Nick Leeson was suggested a positionoif a manager responsible for running futures subsidiary in Singapore office of the Barings Bank. During a term of 3 years that passed after his appointment, the losses caused by his own trading mistakes exceeded $1 billion. He confessed he had deceived the Barings Bank and SIMEX (Singapore International Monetary Exchange). Leeson was arrested, and sentenced to 6.5 years of imprisonment. The fist question that comes to mind while observing this case is how this manager concealed his errors and deception for so long. In case his mistakes had revealed in time, this wouldn't have resulted in catastrophe. It is possible to define several strategic mistakes in the process of decision-making that led to collapse. Overwhelming emotions. It is known that supervising manag

Qualitative research- keyword Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Qualitative research- keyword - Essay Example Data refers to information that has been organized into forms that can be manipulated and processed to produce desirable results (Andrews & Herzberg, 2008). In learning, data processing entails the analysis of the organized values to produce meaningful results. Data sets are usually present in typical scientific research exercises aimed at establishing relationships between different variables. Data is also applicable in the context of arts. In my period as an English student, I encountered various situations where I was required to handle some situations involving data organization and manipulation. Learning, especially the concepts of library skills involved acquisition of data concerning books from the library shelves. English also involves the aspect of interpreting information presented in tables or charts. In these cases, I had to become conversant with the aspects of data processing and presenting research information from literature and other art issues in academics (Andrews & Herzberg, 2008). Based on the qualitative research concept of grounded theory, I developed a theory which says that data organization and interpretation facilitates the learning English language. I developed this hypothesis through the ideal procedures involved in grounded theory of qualitative research (David, 2007). Data enables the employment of mathematical skills and information interpretation skills into developing meanings for situations. Data processing and organization awakens the techniques of information analysis. In this context, I started by appraising the role of data is developing meaningful information. Upon recognition of the importance, I devised a standard of gauging the significance of each role in the learning process. I categorized these significances into related groups and established the relationship between these groups and the efforts

CRJS350(5) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CRJS350(5) - Research Paper Example There was a crowd of onlookers a few meters away from the building and the Department store was still swallowed upin flames. Following his initial investigations, the Battalion fire chief informed me of his initial findings as outlined below. According to the Battalion Chief, there were about one hundred people in the group of onlookers around the building. In addition, he reported that he and his team found three cans of gas containers made out of plastic, all of which he presented me with at the scene.These cans each had an equal capacity of three gallons and all of them had remnants of a substance that smelled like gasoline. Furthermore, all of the cans had their spouts attached on them, though none of them was still capped. In this regard, one of my investigators took the three cans as evidence for further investigation. The battalion chief related that the fire had three points of origin. One point of origin is upstairs in the rear warehouse section, one in the upstairs ladiesâ €™clothing department, and one downstairs in the side entrance of the store where the outdoor and garden section is located. It is clearly an arson fire. The battalion chief further informed me that his team was able to contain the fire in about 45 minutes, and he released the scene shortly after that. I was aware, from local media sources that this scene was one of the 6,000 stores in the United States, and they are very successful. TheNevanon Discount Department store was two stories high and has a customer elevator in the front of the store and a freight elevator in the rear. I was also aware that this chain of stores has had employee relationship problems—specifically with gender inequality—and recently laid off 18 women for complaining. Identification and interview of witnesses The actions that can be taken pertaining to the crowd of onlookers that helped identify the offender included interviewing various groups of peopleto get all the necessary background in formation to establish whether the fire was accidental or incendiary (Munday, 1995).  In order to identify and interview the witnesses to the incidents, two actions I took two actions as follows. Firstly, I Contacted the Battalion Chief, identified the first first-in firefighters and responder, as well as documented their observations through interviews. Secondly, I identified the individual who reported the fire, the owner of the building (manager), the last person in the building just before the incident and one person who witnessed the fire, from the onlookers. I interviewed them and got the information from them about what transpired before, during and after the building caught fire, respectively (Quintiere, 1997). Scene security The two areas that I checked to ensure the scene could be searched safely included the normal entry points and the possible entry points for the potential suspect, as well as other ventilation points, including windows. This is because, it was necessa ry to know which points my team and I could use to move in and out of the building without destroying evidence (Hitt, 2000). Secondly, I evaluated the scene for safety hazards like smoke levels and structural collapse. This is because smoke contains carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, which are very lethal gases and may result into serious respiratory problems, and possibly death, within few minutes after continuous

Organ Transplants Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organ Transplants - Research Paper Example This situation has been reversed with the continued practice of removing such failed organ and seeking alternative functional ones from other organisms to save the life of the victim. However, a number of issues have been cropping up in respect of this operation which calls for further research work to ensure its sustainability. Top in this list is the biology behind the success of a transplant attempt. It is a fact that for a recipient body tissues and the entire system to accept the foreign organ, there must be compatibility in terms of the required blood groups as this is a fundamental basis for ensuring the safety of the recipient even after the procedure (Klein , Lewis & Madsen, 2011). In most cases there tend to be compatibility among family members and in the case that this is not possible, an outsider’s organ can be tested if it can match and if the result is positive the donation procedure can be done and subsequent transplant. Remarkable scientific research has been undertaken to the extent that incompatibility between the donor and recipient can be solved through medical prescription. In this scenario, the recipient is administered with a special treatment that will prevent the body tissues from rejecting the graft. Nevertheless, there are conditions that have always ruled out any possible organ transplant. Such conditions entails a fast spreading cancer on a donor, HIV/AIDS infected person. For a dead donor, thorough medical tests need also to be taken to eliminate any possible health risk on recipient. After the medical assessments, only living and non-defected organs may be removed for donation from the deceased donor. This also means that a dead donor can donate many... This paper makes a conclusion that body organs can undergo some defects that are irreversible and the only solution is replacing them for the victim to survive. This is a common case in accidents, organ failures and genetically related defects. It worth to note therefore that this has become the latest widely used medical remedy to improve the performance of the body and save many endangered lives across the globe. One of the emerging challenges in this application is the exponential population growth that has been piling pressure on the otherwise scarce resources. The author of the paper talks that the number of skilled surgeons is still few to match the increasing number of patients facing such medical conditions. Besides, the number of donors is steadily diminishing as the population size of recipients keep surging and this a matter of great global concern. Some of the reasons that explain the vanishing donor numbers are the emerging infections that equally affect the efficiency o f the alternate organs in living donors and cancerous cells in the cadaverous donors. Several patients are also relatively poor to afford the cost of compensating the donor, operational costs and the treatment that define the entire procedure. This paper approves that global statistics on organ transplant shows a positive result on the outcomes. This calls for increased health promotion by the nurses, community health workers and other stakeholders to continue saving lives. More funding by the governments also needs to be projected towards research and development to develop alternatives.

Turbines Case Essay Example for Free

Turbines Case Essay Definition and historical background Claude Burdin (1788–1873) was the very first person to use the word turbine. The word came from the Latin term turbo/turbines, which means a â€Å"whirling† or a â€Å"vortex.† Burdin used the term to describe the subject matter of an engineering competition being held during that time for a water power source. It would be an oversimplification to describe turbine as a rotating machine that is used to derive power or electricity from the water; a common water wheel may not immediately or necessarily be a turbine, but it definitely is a rotating machine. A more precise definition of a turbine is that it is a machine â€Å"in which the water moves relatively to the surfaces of the machine, as distinguished from machines in which such motion is secondary, as with a cylinder and piston† (Daugherty and Franzini 1965, 213–214). More broadly, to include other types of turbine, it is one of those devices or machines that is being used to channel or convert energy from a stream of fluid (liquid or gas) into mechanical energy which would eventually be used to generate electrical energy, or to support or augment another utility/device. This is done as the stream passes through a system of fixed and moving fanlike blades which causes the latter to rotate. This device (turbine) looks like a large (and sometimes small) wheel with small radiating blades around its rim. The four general classes of turbines are water or hydraulic, wind, steam, and gas turbines. Water or hydraulic, wind, and steam turbines are generally used for the generation of electricity; while the remaining one, gas turbines, is mostly being used in aircrafts (Britannica Concise Encyclopedia 2006). The principal components of simple turbines are the rotor, which in most if not all cases has blades projecting radially from the center to its periphery; the nozzles, where the working jet of fluid is directed and expanded; and blades, where the conversion of kinetic to mechanical energy takes place. Theoretical and operating principles Potential and kinetic energy both exist in a working fluid, which could be compressible or incompressible. Turbines collect this available energy by utilizing any or both of these physical principles: impulse turbines and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines change the direction of flow of a given high velocity fluid jet. The impulse, as a result of this, causes the turbine to spin or rotate, diminishing the kinetic energy of the fluid flow as this is absorbed by the device. In the case of flowing water, it comes available in purely mechanical form (water in nature is one of the most useful and efficient sources of kinetic energy). Scientific calculations show that 1 cubic meter of water can actually produce 9.8 kilojoules of pure mechanical energy for every meter that the volume of water descends. In the same way, a flow of the same volume of water for every second in a fall of 1 meter can provide 9.8 kilowatts, or 13 horsepower. Hydraulic turbines efficiency is estimated at approximately 1, meaning, almost all energy is available or utilized. This kinetic/mechanical energy can be converted to electrical energy with an efficiency of more than 95.0% (Calvert 2004). To get this much power from water, it should be extracted as it is lowered in elevation. The current in a stream, of course, is obvious. This flow comes from the open-channel movement or flow of water as influenced by gravitational forces. Simply put, holding a paddle-wheel in the stream of water will result to the paddle-wheel being rotated and from this outcome, power can be extracted (mechanical energy or electrical energy). This is an example of elementary impulse turbine, a machine acted upon by the impulse or force of moving or flowing water (Calvert 2004). In the case of reaction turbines, torque is developed as a result of fluids pressure or weight. The fluids pressure changes as it goes through the rotor blades of the turbine. There should be a pressure casement so as to contain and maintain the energy of the working fluid as it acts on the turbine stage(s). If there would be no pressure casement, the turbine must be immersed in the fluid flow, such as in the case of wind turbines. It is the casing that directs and contains the working fluid. In the case of water turbines, it maintains the suction which is imparted by the draft tube (Calvert 2004). A simple but very good example for this principle is the lawn sprinkler. In contrast to the impulse turbine, where the pressure change took place in the nozzle, the pressure change in reaction turbines occurs in the runner itself. This happens at the time that the force is exerted, hence, a reaction. Looking at the example of sprinkler, its duty is to spread water coming from it; the resulting energy from the turbine serves to move (rotate) the sprinkler head. Water flows from the center of the sprinkler going radially outward. Water under pressure comes from the center, and then jets of water that can possibly cover the area go out to the ends of the arms of the sprinkler at zero gauge pressure. The significant decrease in pressure takes place in the sprinklers arms. The water is projected at a certain angle to the radius, but it should be noted that the water from a working sprinkler actually moves along a defined radius. The jets of water do not impinge on a runner; but rather, they leave the runner, and this momentum is not converted into force, as opposed to an impulse turbine. The force residing on the runner reacts to the creation of the momentum, hence, the principle itself, reaction turbine (Calvert 2004). In any case, there is no restriction, as far as laws of physics are concerned, for any machine to utilize both principles. Many machines or devices use both of these principles as it is more efficient for the machine to be that way. Different kinds of turbines There are different kinds of turbines used in modern period: the water or hydraulic, steam, gas, and wind turbines. There are other types but these four are the most common and are usually the bases of any other turbines. Hydroelectric power stations utilize water, or hydraulic, turbine to drive their electric generators. Wisconsin, in 1882, witnessed the first of this kind of turbines. The processes taking place in a hydraulic turbine is simple: falling water hits a set of buckets or blades connected to a shaft. This impact will cause the shaft to rotate and move the rotors of the generator. The most common kinds of hydraulic turbine are the Francis turbine, Pelton wheel, and the Kaplan turbine. Two engineers, Sir Charles A. Parsons and Carl G. P. de Laval (of Great Britain and Sweden, respectively), pioneered the building of hydraulic turbines during the late 19th century. Continual developments and improvements of basic machines made hydraulic turbines to be the main power sources utilized to drive most large electric generators (Reynolds 1970). Another kind of turbine is the steam turbine. This is typically consist of conical steel shell that encloses a central shaft wherein a set of bladed disks are placed like washers. These blades are bent and extend outward (radially) from the edge of each disk. Some steam turbines have shafts that are surrounded by a drum wherein the rows of blades are attached. In between each pair of disks, there is a row of stationary vanes that are attached to the steel shell. These extend radially inward. Each set of vanes together with the bladed disk immediately situated/placed beside it constitutes one stage of the steam turbine. Most steam turbines have multistage engines (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia [Online edition], 2007). Steam turbines are used mostly for electricity generation in thermal power plants, (i.e., plants using fuel oil or coal, or nuclear power). Steam turbines were once used to drive mechanical devices such as in the case of ships propellers. However, most such applications now utilize an intermediate electrical step or reduction gears. Gas turbines are now used mostly for aircraft engines. But there are still some gas turbines being used to drive electric generators (i.e., in an electric–gas turbine locomotive) as well as high-speed tools. The essential components of a gas turbine are (a) compressor, (b) combustion chamber, and (c) turbine that somehow resembles that of a steam turbine (refer to the description in the previous paragraph). The compressor is driven by the turbine, and then provides high-pressure air into the combustion chamber. In this chamber, the high-pressure air is mixed with a fuel and then burned. This makes the high-pressure gas(es) drive the turbine, with the same gas(es) expanding until their pressure decreases and reaches atmospheric pressure (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia [Online edition], 2007). The last kind of turbine is the wind turbine, which as the name suggests converts the kinetic energy coming from the wind into mechanical and/or electrical energy. If the resulting mechanical energy is directly used by a nearby or even attached machinery (e.g., pump or grinding stones), the turbine device is usually referred to as a windmill. But if this mechanical energy is used to generate electricity, then, the device is called a wind turbine, wind generator, or wind energy converter (WEC; Reynolds 1970). Wind turbines can be three-bladed, two-bladed, or even one-bladed (counterbalanced). Computer-controlled motors point them to the direction of the winds. Danish turbine manufacturers have utilized the three-bladed turbine type. This type of wind turbine has high tip speeds (even reaching up to 6 times the speed of the wind), low torque ripple, and high efficiency, which contributes to the overall good reliability. This type of turbine is the one that is being commercially used to generate electricity. In many cases, the blades are colored in such a way that it blends with the clouds. The length of these blades usually ranges from 20 to 40 meters (or about 70 to 100 feet) or more, while the height is about 200 to 295 feet. Contemporary wind turbine models rotate at a speed of 16.6 rpm (revolution per minute). As a safety precaution to avoid overspeed damage, most wind turbines are equipped with automatic shutdown features during strong winds (Reynolds 1970; Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia 2007). There are other kinds of turbines, albeit fewer and smaller ones, in existence. These are the transonic turbines, contra-rotating turbines, statorless turbines, ceramic turbines, and shroudless turbine. Other uses of turbines Almost all electrical energy being used on Earth is generated with any one of the turbines discussed. Turbines with high efficiency can harness approximately 40% of the produced thermal energy, with the rest of the output exhausted as waste heat. Turbines are being utilized by most jet engines to provide mechanical energy from their fuel and working fluid as do most, if not all, power plants and nuclear ships. Reciprocating piston engines (like those found in aircraft engines) can utilize a turbine to drive an intake-air compressor. This configuration is known as the turbocharger (or turbine supercharger) or more colloquially known as â€Å"turbo.† Most turbines are capable of having very high power density the ratio of power to volume, or power to weight. This is due to their ability to function at extremely high speeds (Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia 2007). As of yet, no one has established any limitation for this invention of humankind. And with enough research and development, the present capability of these machines can even yield astonishing achievements. Woks Cited Calvert, J. B. â€Å"Turbines.† Date accessed: November 29, 2007 (http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/fluids/turbine.htm). Daugherty, R. L., and J. B. Franzini. Fluid Mechanics. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965. Reynolds, J. Windmills and Watermills. New York: Praeger, 1970. Strandh, S. A History of the Machine. New York: AW Publishers, 1979. â€Å"Turbine.† Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 2006. Date accessed: November 29, 2007 (http://www.answers.com/topic/turbine). â€Å"Turbine.† The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. Columbia University Press, 2003. Date accessed: November 29, 2007 (http://www.answers.com/topic/turbine). â€Å"Wind turbine.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Date accessed: November 29, 2007 (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wind_turbineoldid=173495357).

Through the Tunnel- Doris Lessing Essay Example for Free

Through the Tunnel- Doris Lessing Essay 1. The inner journey that the boy takes on his self-imposed physical rite of passage is his transition from childhood and emerging into young manhood. This transition is mostly symbolised in this short story by the Jerry’s experience of preparing to go through the tunnel after watching the other boys swim through the tunnel. Jerry practised holding his breath in order to get over the first barrier in achieving his desired destination, the light at the end of the tunnel which symbolises the beginning of his young manhood. This inner journey of growing up is also represented through the physical aspects of the journey when he went from staying with his mother on the safe beach to the dangerous, risky and rocky bay with the French boys. This maturing is also represented when he wanted to give up on his quest after suffering numerous nosebleeds and his fear of death in the tunnel. However he decides to complete the quest anyway based on impulse and by pushing through, he has found self confidence and maturity which is seen by his wanting to be independent of his mother. 2. Lessing conveys the elements of the inner journey that Jerry grows through by using extensive symbolism and metaphors in the story. This third person narration provides an omniscient view on the main theme in the story- the coming of age in Jerry. Her use of third person narration allows her to explore the characters stream of consciousness such as, â€Å"She was thinking, Of course hes old enough to be safe without me. Have I been keeping him too close? He mustnt feel he ought to be with me. I must be careful†. This sort of narration allows Lessing to give detailed descriptions of the surroundings such as the different colours on the beach and uses the colours to show the transition in Jerry from innocence to taking risks such as when Jerry is approaching the bay, where the rocks where just â€Å"red –brown† before becoming â€Å"rough, sharp†. The metaphors and symbolism is also visible when Jerry is swimming through the tunnel, there was a period of darkness before emerging in the light from the crack in the tunnel, symbolising the turmoil inside the child of wanting to be independent before emerging into young adulthood. The native boys also prove to be a strong motif in the story as Jerry used to look up to these boys and wanted to do what they did. â€Å"They were big boys- men, to Jerry†, quotes how Jerry yearned to be like them, men. He sees swimming though the tunnel as a rite of passage. However after being able to achieve what the boys had done, Jerry wanted nothing to do with them as he had symbolically emerged into adulthood, â€Å"He could see the local boys diving and playing half a mile away. He did not want them.†

Relationship between BOH tea and consumer behavior

Relationship between BOH tea and consumer behavior BOH Plantation Sdn Bhd was found by John Archibald Russell in the year 1929, together with A.B. Milne, a veteran in tea planting from Ceylon they succeeded in obtaining a concession of land in Cameron Highland in order to start the tea plantation business. Together the duo transforms steep jungles slopes into a tea garden known as BOH Plantations, which is the 1st highland tea garden in the country. BOH Plantations business begins to bloom and currently is the leading tea grower in the country. The plantation expanded and owns four tea gardens, of which three is located 5000 ft above sea level and is situated in Cameron Highlands, and the fourth is centralizing in Bukit Cheeding, Selangor. Collectively, the gardens size in total is 1200ha. BOH Plantation has been firmly entrenched that most Malaysia drinks BOH tea than any other brand. BOH teas are available in 3 different forms (tea packets, tea bags, tea dust). The company currently produces 4 million kg of tea in a year. Malaysian consumes 10million kg of tea which makes BOH tea largest producer locally of black tea, in terms of cuppage, BOH tea produces about 5.5 million per day which almost meets 50% of tea consumption requirement in the country. The success story of BOH Plantation continues to be Malaysias leading brand in tea and is also exporting to Brunei, Japan, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and also the US. Consumer Decision Process BOH tea Consumer Decision Process is basically known as a cognitive process. Consumer is aware of a need or wants and search for possible ways to satisfy it. Awareness of consumer is not an automatic process; it is actually selective external procedure. Example, consumers are expose to thousands of messages that persuades them from advertising, political organization, religious groups , food products and many more other resources. This mass information that seeks out consumer attention then filtered out by individual in order to make the decision in buying a product. In order for a consumer to purchase a product, he or she has to go through the 5 stages of consumer decision process. These 5 stages of consumer decision making process are very important for consumer to make an accurate decision in satisfying their needs and wants. The stages flow in sequence beginning with problem recognition and ending with post-purchase evaluation. The 5 stages are as graph above: Problem Recognition Information Search Evaluation and Selection of Alternatives Decision Implementation Post-purchase Evaluation Problem Recognition The consumer decision process begins when a consumer is aware of satisfying their needs or wants. For the past decade, health benefits have caught the attention of the wide coverage of media. Numerous studies have shown that the antioxidant polyphenols of tea has the anti-cancer properties and also able to reduce the risk of gastric, and also skin cancer. Prevention is better than cure; this statement has drive consumers to seek for healthy product to maintain a healthy lifestyle, likewise tea is a healthy drink. This is where BOH tea as Malaysian leading brand provides high quality tea that contains rich aroma of tea flavors that fills the nose and relishing the taste in the mouth while giving a soothing effect. Below are 2 examples of BOH teas top products. Product 1 (BOH string and tag) Source: https://www.boh.com.my/shop/product_info.php?products_id=71 Most consume product that satisfies the need of consumers that wants to prepare instant pre-pack tea. Product 2 BOH tea leaves Source: https://www.boh.com.my/shop/product_info.php?products_id=29 This product satisfies the needs of consumer that prefers the old fashion tea leave method, as the aroma and taste of tea is stronger. Information Research When consumers identify a problem, they will find ways to solve the problems. Consumer will need to do internal and external research in obtaining the knowledge of products that will satisfy their needs. In the case of BOH tea, since it is the leading tea brand in Malaysia it is important to strengthen the brands leadership by creating awareness for their product through sales promotion and advertising. As internal research, in order for BOH tea to capture the attention of consumer they have come up with a catchy phrase ada Ummph which literally means more than words can describe kind of feeling to show the great quality of tea that is produce by BOH tea. This phrase will strongly register the brands name in the mind of consumer, so that the next time they want to purchase tea, BOH tea will be their 1st choice as the ada Ummph phrase shows that consumer will never regret in consuming their tea. Above is the example of the catchy phrase that is place on the product of BOH tea that always remind people to enjoy the goodness of tea at the same time enjoying a relaxing time, it has specialized BOH tea from different brand of tea such as Twinnings, Chamomile and Lipton. External research allow consumer to access for secondary information from online resources, advertisement, brochures and many more in order to provide them with the excess knowledge to purchase the computer of their choice. Tea drinker in Malaysia will not escape the attention of BOH tea, as their product can be obtained from most retail outlets. BOH tea has also promoted their tea in printed media such as newspaper advertisement, television commercial, and also campaigns. BOH tea promotes their tea with bonding with love ones by creating moments of togetherness with loved ones. This is to show that a cup of tea can unite everyone together without any restriction. One way for BOH tea to educate consumers is by giving away free samplings and by holding contests for consumers. Source:http://old.brudirect.com/public_html/DailyInfo/News/Archive/June05/100605/bb08.htm Above is a picture of a winner who participated in a lucky draw pick that was organized by BOH tea in a shopping mall. This shows that promotion is a very important strategy in order to build consumer knowledge on BOH tea. Evaluation and Selection of Alternatives The following step allows the consumer to evaluate the brands from the information that is obtained. Consumers sees product as a bundle of attributes such as the need, benefits, and attributes in order to make the right decision that satisfy their needs and wants. This bundle of attributes is actually a products objective and subjective factors. Objective factor Strong aroma of tea and relishing taste Subjective factors Comparison of BOH Tea and Lipton tea, BOH tea being the outstanding as product is cheaper then Lipton and has strong aroma that suits consumers taste Purchase Decision Purchasing the brand BOH tea satisfies the entire spectrum of the non-alcoholic beverage in Malaysia and encourages tea to be consumed including, cold, instant, traditional or in any other form that is preferred by consumer. This satisfies the consumer by providing choice of tea consumption according to their taste This is the stage where consumer has decided which brand of product that he or she wants after a making comparison with all the availability of product brands. Consumer will then have to select 2 specific elements which is purchasing the brand choice and purchasing time. Purchasing Time Product can be purchase in most retail outlet in the form of packages. Consumer can also buy it in bundle during promotion period too. Post purchase evaluation In this stage the level of purchase involvement of consumer is very important, it is often known as the level of concern for or interest in the purchase and heavily depends on the extensive information that is seek by the consumer in making a purchase decision. Low purchase involvement process Example, suppose if a buyer buys a certain brand of product (e.g., BOH tea) as a matter of habit, this means the drink is a low purchase involvement situation and consumers do not have to evaluate and seek information extensively. This case consumer will simply buy and consume the product and generates a high level of repeating the same purchase of product. Graph above shows low involvement purchase process that takes place. The benefit of low purchase involvement process is BOH tea has become consumers loyal brand for tea consumption products as repeat purchase has been taking place from time to time. However, if the level of purchase is high and the consumer is involved in extensive decision making, consumer will be more likely to face a more elaborated post-purchase evaluation. High Purchase Involvement process This graph shows that there is a post-purchase dissonance where consumer are unable to commit to the decision of choosing the brand that they want and it will create anxiety among consumers as it is difficult to make alternatives choices. In order for consumer to reduce this dissonance, consumer has to make approaches such as to increase the desirability of the brand that they want to purchase and reject the desirability of rejected alternatives and also reject the negative data on brand purchased. If dissonance is not reduce, the anxiety experience may turn into a dissatisfaction and leads to a new problem. That is why high purchase involvement needs extensive research of information to reduce anxiety and increase the confidence level in purchasing the product they want. Consumer will stay loyal to BOH tea because the company is constantly doing research in order to satisfy the future consumer needs. Psychological Core BOH tea Attention Attention is a concept of cognitive psychology that helps us to actively process information present in our environment. Attention is an unconscious process where consumer can automatically scan the features of the environment surrounding them. Attention can be classified into 2 which are voluntary and involuntary. Selective Attention Selective attention is the study of why people pay attention towards things, and how deep is their attention towards things that they focus. BOH tea pays attention towards animal and environmental conservation and have won numerous awards. Example, the companys packing facility in Bukit Cheeding has receive the ISO 9002 certification, this can further assured of quality tea every time consumer open up a packet of BOH tea. BOH also won the Super brand Excellence Trophy Award in Food Beverage category in 2004. Tea Brands such as Rooibos tea from South Africa although provides lots of benefits but unfortunately they are a bit slow in venturing into environmental conservation. Orientation reflex Orientation reflex is very important in capturing the attention of consumer. The aim of this involuntary action is to create stimuli that surprise the expectation of consumers. Example, BOH Tea is able to capture the attention of their consumer with their advertisement in television which focuses on family bonding where family members can socialize through a cup of tea. Perception Perception is a process that begins with consumer being exposed to information, attended to the information and ending with comprehending the information that is focus on. Perception consists of 5 major elements which is exposure stage, attention stage and comprehension stage. Exposure stage is the beginning process of perception process where consumer is exposing to information in the environment that is observed by the human senses. However, exposure towards surrounding is not enough to give a major impact towards consumers. BOH tea attracts consumer by promoting their products in television commercial, newspaper advertisement, BOH tea website, and also campaign. Example, BOH tea has done numerous televisions commercial by targeting the culture of tea regardless of religious or political options and also not to forget the moment of togetherness by the bonding of family member. The attention stage, is how consumer pays attention towards something, this stage consumer will allocate processing capacity to a stimulus. In order to capture the attention of consumer, BOH tea has involve in animal and environmental conservation. One of their successful stories is when BOH Plantation was the first tea company to be awarded ISO22000 certification, an international standard designed to ensure safe food supply chains worldwide. BOH has also strengthened the leadership of their brand by embarking on numerous marketing campaigns. Consumer will then interpret the information obtain from environment and store it in the memory so that consumer can make the decision at the purchase stage. Different choices of tea X Lipton Tea X Alce Dero X BOH tea X Chayo X Twining X St Dalfour Organic tea Taste/Smell Taste/ Smell X Clear Spring X Alvita Tea X Austral Herbs X Dalhousie X Eden Organic X Nature Cuppa Organics X Sonnetor X Borneo Rainforest Less choices of tea Above is an example of perceptual mapping that helps BOH tea to develop a market positing strategy for their products. This has help us to see how consumer perceive the brands of tea that is available, and also how BOH tea can develop in technology and agriculture in improvising the taste and aroma of tea suits to the mood of consumers. Motivation Motivation refers to an inner drive that reflects the goal of a person, which consist of the urge, wishes, or desire that allow them to strive to achieve the goals and aims that is set. The two motivational theories that is famously know to express the motivation of people are the : Maslows Hierachy of Needs W.J. McGuire psychological motives Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Maslows hierarchy of need is actually a theory to satisfy the human needs . In order to be at the peak of the hierarchy, a person has to satisfy the lower needs in order to achieve higher needs in the hierarchy. ( Further explanation of this theory will be explain in the appendix) The next theory is McGuires physiological motives , a very detailed set of motives to understand the specific aspects of consumer behavior. This theory consists of 4 major categories with 16 sub-categories which explain the behavior of consumer.( Further explanation refer to appendix) The 2 criteria that satisfy the 4 main categories are as follow: Is the mode of motivation cognitive or affective? Is the motive focus on preservation of status or on growth? This advertisement has shown us that BOH is targeting bonding between people and at the same time satisfying the need for affiliation (active, external). The pictures shows that two hands of different skin complexion holding the cup of tea basically means, no matter who we might be we can bring people together over an occasion of tea and igniting joy. The tag line Brings people together in the advertisement tells consumers that life are always more meaningful when shared with people who matters the most. Here we can see BOH tea market and targets the satisfaction of building relationship of family members and friends. This advertisement target consume by showing the types of product available for consumers. This has satisfy the needs for stimulation, consumer often seek variety and different out of stimulation, so this advertisement has shown the range of preparation of tea they have such as BOH tea leaves packaging and BOH tea in strings and bags. This way consumer can be satisfied depending on how they want to prepare their cup of tea. The next will be the need of expression; the sentence BOH mother brand range has express others about the distinctive and unique character of BOH tea bursts with freshness and aroma in each cupful. They also want to express that BOH tea satisfy much more than just the aroma and taste by preparing a small plate of cookies to show that their tea can go best with evening tea time meal as to relax our mind and soul. Learning Behaviors that results from repetition experience and thinking have allow consumer to develop automatic response to a situation.( Further explanation of learning process can be found in the appendix ). When consumer has chosen a specific product that satisfies their needs, they rely on what they have learned through previous experience about the products characteristic such as the brand name, ingredients or features. In order for BOH tea to provide knowledge on their tea production, they have come up with different kind of tea thats suits different consumer taste. In order to satisfy different taste of consumer, BOH has produced the instant tea mix with no sugar added as seen in the above image. This product does not contain sugar but with added creamer for a smoothing taste. This product not only allow consumer to experience the robust full flavor of BOH tea, but also easily prepared by adding hot water for a quick and refreshing cup of tea . The learning process has registered consumer that does not take sugar can always buy this product. Green tea product of BOH as seen above soothes refreshes and revitalizes the mind and soul of consumer who needs a boost in energy after a hard day at work. This has allow learning process to take place within consumer who will purchase green tea product of BOH tea, that promises 100% tea that is steamed then rolled and dried in traditional process over the century. The delicate aroma, light and refreshing taste with its natural antioxidant properties gives consumer an opportunity to learn that this green tea does not fail to refresh and revitalize our body and mind. Memory Memory is the ability of the human mind to store, recall information or experience, or retain vital information. (types and further explanation of memory can be found in appendix) In order for BOH tea to strengthen their leadership brand in tea has to target consumer in many ways that possible and advertisement in an interesting way that can transform nature of consumer by setting expectation that influence the way consumer interpret that information In order to target loyal consumer, BOH tea has come up with advertisement and promotions to establish their brand. The image above is an example of promotion strategy use to attract consumers. The promotion is about sharing with love ones where consumer takes pictures with family and friends and post them to BOH tea, and BOH tea will then take all the pictures and form a huge collage that says 1 Ummph, 1 smile which literally means BOH tea puts a smiles on every Malaysian no matter who they are. This promotion strategy not only builds the spirit of patriotic Malaysian and builds the relationship with everyone, but also giving them a chance to win RM5, 000 for grand prize and RM1,000 for conservation prize . In addition, a chance for all Malaysian to make history in making their way in Malaysia books of record for forming the largest collages regarding the value of togetherness. This kind of promotion can allow consumer to always remember BOH tea reaching out to people even though th ey are just a tea brand. It shows how BOH tea cares for the people. Attitude Attitude is feeling or affection against a stimulus; it is stored in the long-term memory. The 4 function of attitude consist of Utilitarian function, which is use to obtain reward and avoid punishment, Ego-Defensive function is self-protection, knowledge function is simplifies decision such as brand, and value expression which is express identify towards others. Beliefs is an important aspect in attitude, in order for consumer to have positive beliefs on BOH tea which is strong aroma and soothing taste they have to differentiate their product to the liking of consumers. Other tea brands such as Twinings and Rooibos tea are very difficult to attract consumer in Malaysia because they do not promote and advertise their product much. They do not approach consumers, and that case has given opportunity to BOH tea to target consumer attitude in the sense of drinking tea with love ones, the bonding and relationship that is created with the people around us Culture The direct definition from textbook about culture is That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man person as a member of society. (Further explanation of culture can be obtain in the appendix) Tea has been diversified over the years such as lifestyle, customs of tea and not to forget combined social process such as learning, planting, and using tea. Tea culture has struck people of all ages. In the young generation, entertainment on weekend draws young group of enthusiastic customers. Example, young people are more interested on meeting people in coffeehouse while having a cup of tea. The interest in tea drinking among people assures diverse and sophisticated customer base on now and future. As for the older generation, the fact that the price of a cup of tea and snack is relatively modest, they can also meet up with friends and relax and work at the same time. This is benefiting them rather than spendi ng money on alcoholic drink in a bar. Thus, the young generation will be an important target market. Subculture Identification with core culture Identification with a subculture Mass market behaviors Unique market behavior Core culture values and norms Subculture values and norms Individuals A subculture is a section of a larger culture whose members shares distinguish values and pattern behavior. Social history and current situation of the groups generates the unique values and pattern of behavior which they practices in their subculture. One good example of tea subculture in Malaysia is the element of showmanship in preparing teh tarik .A hot beverage prepared and commonly found restaurants and outdoor stalls. Teh tarik literally means tea pouring in a sense. Above is a picture on how Teh tarik is prepared. It is the ability to drag a long stream of tea above the head of the brewer in an amusing way that it draws the attention for locals and tourists alike as an entertainment that we do not usually see elsewhere. The sub culture of this has drive teh tarik brewers to gather for competitions and performance to show their skills. This preparation of tea has recognized as beverage heritage in Malaysia. Group Group can be said that two or more individual who shares the same set of norm, values and beliefs. Reference group A group whose values, norms, attitudes, or beliefs that are use as a guide for behavior. A group whose presumed perspective or values are being used by individual as basis for her or his current behavior in situation. Example, colleagues at work, friends at school, members of clubs and so on Aspiration group is a group where an individual would belong, dissociative group which a person does not want to associated with them. Society Society is made up of individuals who have agreed to work together for mutual benefit. It can be a very broad term, as we can make generalizations about what the whole of Western society believes, or it can be a very narrow definition, describing only a small group of people within a given community. But no matter the size, and no matter the link that binds a society together, be it religious, geographic, professional or economic, society is shaped by the relationships between individuals. Life style influence Lifestyle is a common word to explain complicated consumer behaviors. Lifestyle is a way to segment people into groups based on three things: opinions, attitudes and activities. Lifestyle means the ways groups of consumers spend time and money. Lifestyle can include things like bowling, cooking, car racing, kayaking, attending charity events, having pets, interest in politics, watching sporting events and so on Everyone has two lifestyles-the one they are currently in and the one they want to be in, which is always better than the current one. Marketers exploit this desire to move into a better lifestyle by showcasing people who are better off than the intended target market in their ads. For example most ads targeting children show children that are almost too old for the product, this appeals to younger children who desire to be like them. Marketing strategy ( the 4 Ps ) The goal is to make decisions that center the four Ps on the customers in the target market in order to create perceived value and generate a positive response. Product Decisions Tangible physical products that can be sold to consumer .The decision making of BOH tea are such as brands name, safety, packaging, and also quality. Above the BOH tea brands that comes with the trademark of puts the Ummph in life that literally means enjoy life to the max with just a cup of tea. Below are a few products of BOH tea in their preferred packaging. BOH ice tea with blackcurrent flavor Gold BOH Cameroon blend BOH instant tea mix BOH green tea Pricing decision Below is the pricing decision of BOH tea products which is literally cheaper then their competitor such as Twinings and Roobois tea. Name of Products description Size Price ($) BOH Cameronian-Gold Blend Cameronian-Gold Blend is distinguished for its exceptionally smooth flavor and rich golden color. 50 individual foil sealed teabags x 2g (100g) 6.35 BOH Green Tea Natural green tea that refreshes and soothes the mind 50 individual teabags x 1.5g (75g) 6.35 BOH tea instant mix Pre-blended with tasty creamer with sweetened sugar 30 sachets X 20g ( 600)g 7.35 BOH tea instant mix no sugar Pre-blended with tasty creamer with no sugar. 20 sachets X 11.5g (230g) 5.35 Place distribution BOH tea can easily obtain at any retail outlet in Malaysia, consumer can easily purchase it anywhere without having to trouble themselves to travel far and wide. Promotion BOH has done many advertisement and promotion in order to strengthen their brand in the market of tea in Malaysia. BOH yea has created friendly image that was abkle to strike deep in the consumers heart ensuring popularity and liking among the people BOH embraced the new technology, television by combining it with animation, creating one of the most recognizable advertising icons of the period: Mr. BOH The 1Ummph 1Smile 1Malaysia campaign that was organize by BOH tea was a success as Malaysians step up to the challenge of spreading love to the underprivileged merely through a smile. The campaign was promoted through website, radio, tv stations where photograph of consumers can upload onto the 1Ummph 1Smile Malaysia photo gallery website page. This collage took the creative team over 100 hours to put it up together , it measured up to 33 feet by 75 feet tall. There are also different kinds of variables that can be use for segmentation: Demographic Demographic variables such as income, gender, education, location, ethnicity, and family size are basically tied to subculture and segmentation. The graph above shows the Malaysian population by age group from year 2005 to 2009. From this graph, BOH tea can focus on which group of generation that they want to target, but BOH tea has decided to target people from all ages groups except children because there is no harm drinking tea but provides health benefits so it is highly recommended by every age group.

Karl Marxs Theory of Surplus Labour Essay -- Politics Political Essay

Karl Marx's Theory of Surplus Labour For Marx surplus labour is the extra labour produced by a worker for his employer, to be put towards capital accumulation. The worker must do this work to keep his job but otherwise gains nothing by it. By helping the accumulation of capital he contributes to the cycle of mechanization and division of labour, which allow for fewer workers to do more work, thus adding to the competition between workers, and lowering their wages. Yet despite how it will contribute to a lessening of his earnings, the worker has no choice but to contribute surplus labour. If a man had the means of production and could work for himself producing what he needed or what he could trade for what he needs, then a man could stop when he has what he needs. If a man does not own the means of production and therefore cannot sell the product of his own labour then he must sell his labour power to someone who owns the means of production. He will be paid a wage. Marx makes it very clear that the wage is paid not for the labour, but for the labour-power, that is, the use of the worker for whatever set amount of time. Marx writes: "Labour-power, then, is a commodity, no more, no less so than is the sugar. The first is measured by the clock, the other by the scales." (1847. Wage-Labour and Capital. pg 3. All subsequent references will be marked by page number only.) The wage that the worker is paid will be somewhere around the subsistence wage – that is the wage necessary to keep the worker returning to the job the next day. While the subsistence wage for an individual worker can be just what is needed to keep the job position filled (not necessarily by the same person) the subsistence wage overall has to be enough th... ...ot the nature of the mechanical inventions or means of production themselves prevent them from bringing happiness, but the nature in which they are used as capital. Not all mechanical inventions or means of production are capital. Capital is a commodity or collection of commodities that are expected to produce more wealth. As Marx writes "Capital does not consists in the fact that accumulated labour serves living labour as a means for new production. It consists in the fact that living labour serves accumulated labour as the means of preserving and multiplying its exchange value." (11) Capital relies on surplus-labour to preserve and multiply it, even while, as explained above, the profits from the increased capital are constantly diminishing. Work Cited Marx, Karl. 1849. Wage-Labour and Capital. In Economics 314/English 351 Reading Package. Camrose: Augustana

Analysis of Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels :: Gullivers Travels Essays

Gulliver's Travels Many of the critics who have critiqued Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels have used the word extraneous more then once.   Swift was viewed as an insane person who was a failure in life.   But this is far from the truth.   Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels, a book that has been assigned to students for years, and it is written from experience.   Swift's experience with the Tories and their conflicts with the Whigs caused him to write books that mock religious beliefs, government, or people with views differing from his own.   In one of these books, Gulliver's Travels, Swift criticizes the corruption of the English government, society, science, religion, and man in general.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Gulliver's first travel, in which he visited Lilliput, Gulliver is faced with the minute people, called Lilliputians.   Now while this is the premise for a fantasy story, Swift uses the events within to make severe criticisms of England between reigns of Queen Anne and George the first.   The people of Lilliput are about six inches tall, and there size signifies that their motives, acts, and humanity are in the same, dwarfish (Long 276).   In this section, the royal palace is accidentally set on fire, containing the empress inside.   Instead of making his way across town, to the ocean, squashing the people of Lilliput as he goes, Gulliver makes use of his urine to save the palace.   While this vulgar episode was a display of bravery, it infuriated the emperor, causing revenge to be vowed on Gulliver.   Rather then be happy that both the emperor and the palace are not in ruin, the littleness of the government and the people in general is displayed in this act.   Another display of this is the fact that Gulliver is used as the Emperor's absolute weapon, but the emperor only uses him to conquer his world of two islands.   This makes the emperor's ambition seem extremely low (Bloom, Interpretations 84-5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Swift also criticizes the religious beliefs of the Lilliputians and England in the first story.   In Lilliput, Ministers were chosen strictly on agility, or their ability to walk a tightrope or stick jumping.   They were able to maintain their rank of minister as long as they could keep these defeating these tasks (Swift, Writings 89).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The political parties of the English government are represented by the conservative High Heels who depict the Tories, and the progressive Low Heels, or Whigs.

Comparing Nineteen Eighty-Four and Utopia Essay -- compare and contrast

Parallels in Nineteen Eighty-Four and Utopia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature is a mirror of life. In order to reflect their views on the problems in society, many authors of fiction, including Sir Thomas More of Utopia and George Orwell of Nineteen Eighty-Four, use parallels in character, setting, government, and society to link their works to the real world. Characters are the appendages of a literary work, without well rounded characters, a novel is not complete. In many situations, authors use certain distinguishing features of a well known figure in society to shape the character in their works. These realistic characters are the work's link to the outside world.   In the book Utopia, Thomas More presents himself as a character - the opposition to Raphael Hythloday's recollections. Hythloday (whose name is derived from the Greek huthlos, meaning nonsense) is a world traveller who has sailed with Amerigo Vespucci, a famous captain at the turn of the sixteenth century. By using several real-life characters, More links his work to the world around him. In the novel 1984, the supreme leader of the "Ingsoc" party, "Big Brother", is "a man of about forty-five, with a heavy black moustache and ruggedly handsome features" (Orwell 5), whom in governing position, political power, and physical features, resembles the once feared Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Another omnipresent character in the novel, Emmanuel Goldstein, is said to be a traitor to Ingsoc, a conspirator to the Party he originated. Goldstein has "a lean Jewish face, with a great fuzzy aureole of white hair and a small goatee beard - a clever face ... with a kind of senile silliness in the long thin nose..." (Orwell 16). The image of Goldstein resembles that of Leon ... ...piece. Works Cited Brown, and Oldsey. ed. Critical Essays on George Orwell. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1986. Fox, Alistair. Thomas More, History and Providence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983. Marius, Richard. "Utopia as Mirror for a Life and Times." 1995. http://www.humanities.ualberta.ca/emls/iemls/conf/texts/marius.html (14 Oct. 1998). More, Thomas. Utopia. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Inc., 1975. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Secker & Warburg, 1965. Singh, Paras Mani. George Orwell as a Political Novelist. Delhi: Amar Prakashan, 1987. Works Consulted Crick, Bernard. George Orwell, A Life. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1980. Jones, Judith P. Thomas More. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co., 1979. Meyers, Jeffrey. ed. George Orwell, The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975.

Faculty Competitiveness at a State University Essay

Not only that universities’ focus is onto students but also to each and every members of the state universities and from this, faculty members, staff and employees must be given due credit and importance for their worth helping each universities foster high quality education. PUP The University employs 1,483 full-time and part-time faculty members with a few of the full-time faculty holding administrative positions. There are 707 regular and casual administrative employees who provide support services to the University population. The faculty spend two-thirds of their time in teaching and one-third in research and extension activities. Awards Received: †¢It was recognized as a Centre for the Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditation Program, which allows the PUP to confer degrees on many professionals who have yet to obtain their baccalaureate degrees after enrolling in a non-traditional structure course of learning. †¢President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo proclaimed PUP as Philippine National Comprehensive University in 2004, during the university’s centennial. †¢The PUP has obtained recognition as a Centre for Development in the field of Information Technology from the Commission on Higher Education. †¢Named as the Virtual Centre for Technology Innovation by the Department of Science and Technology. †¢The university was deemed the First Cyber University IT Park in the Philippines by the Philippine Economic Zone Authority. †¢Ave Perez Jacob – Palanca Awardee, Writer †¢Domingo De Guzman, Lecturer – Palanca Awardee, Psychoanalyst UP Almost 26. 6 per cent of its faculty have doctorate degrees and 36. 2 per cent have master’s degrees. The rest are working on their graduate studies. Awards Received: †¢Dr. Caesar Saloma, Dean of the College of Science, UP Diliman was awarded the ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award. The awarding took place during the 8th ASEAN Science and Technology Week held in Manila on July 7, 2008. The award is given every three years. †¢Dr. Walden Bello, a professor of Sociology at UP Diliman, received the Outstanding Public Scholar Award for 2008 from the International Political Economy (IPE) Section of the International Studies Association (ISA). He is only the second person to receive the award, the first being Dr. Susan George of France in 2007. George wrote the book How the Other Half Dies, which deals with global hunger. Bello received the award on March 28, 2008 during the ISA’s 49th annual meeting in San Francisco, California. †¢Wayne Dell Manuel, a software developer at the National Telehealth Centre of the University of the Philippines, bested more than 700 other international contestants to win the Google Map Maker Global Competition. The contest encourages Google Map users from around the world to map universities, schools and hospitals to enable humanitarian organizations to navigate countries during times of crisis. ? †¢Lourdes Cruz, a professor at the Marine Science Institute of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City is one of the recipients of the 2010 L’Oreal-UNESCO Awards in the Life Sciences, for discovering the use of snail toxins to study brain functions. She is one of five exceptional women scientists in the world to be awarded by the UNESCO on March 4, 2010, in Paris, France. †¢Filipino environmental advocate and UP College of Law professorial lecturer, Antonio Oposa Jr. was among the recipients of the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award for â€Å"his path breaking crusade to engage Filipinos in acts of enlightened citizenship that maximize the power of law to protect and nurture the environment for themselves, their children, and generations still to come. † Awarding ceremonies was held at the Cultural Center of the Philippines on Aug. 31, 2009. †¢Prof. Matthew M. Santamaria of the UP Asian Center was among the eight professors and students who made up the Philippine delegation to the Shanghai Theatre Expo 2009. The delegation, headed by Prof. Ricardo Abad of Ateneo de Manila University and Nick Lizaso of UNESCO ITI-Philippines, represented the country in the scheduled â€Å"Theme Workshops. † †¢Distinguished writer and UP professor Jose â€Å"Butch† Dalisay Jr. became the first Filipino to participate in the PENÃ'Ž World Voices Festival of International Literature, a gathering of about 160 writers from more than 50 countries, held from April 27 to May 3, 2009. EARIST EARIST in its 10 colleges consists of 400 faculty members and staffs. 350,000 Alumni members are presently working in the different fields of discipline all over the world with special mention; in the USA, Europe, Asian countries, and in the Philippines as Government Officials such as; Secretary, Deputy Secretary in the Philippine Cabinet, Senate, member of the Congress, etc. Recognition: †¢Baccalaureate College for Liberal Arts †¢Comprehensive Teaching and Baccalaureate University Level II †¢Graduate Capable HEI’s Level III †¢(Results of the CARNEGIE 2003 Classification Evaluation on the Typology of Philippine Higher Education) †¢Awarded Level II Status in the fourteen Degrees Programs (Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines) †¢Rated SUC Level II by CHED-DBM-PASUC Leveling EvaluationÃ'Ž SOURCES: http://www. pup. edu. ph/academic/colleges. asp â€Å"UP employee wins Google map contest,† Manila Standard Today, March 3, 2010. â€Å"Science prof chosen for UNESCO award in the life sciences,† Philippine Star, October 25, 2009. â€Å"Environmentalist wins Ramon Magsaysay Award,† Manila Standard Today, August 4, 2009. Manila Bulletin, June 5, 2009. â€Å"First Filipino in PEN World Voices Festival in New York,† Manila Bulletin, May 23, 2009.

Software Developing

The softw ar product was developed iteratively by submitting module by module. The requirements were changing time-to-time and the softw be had to go many changes by means of expose the outgrowth. pocket-size chunks were developing from time-to-time which required roughly changes to be incorporated in the organisation.In the in the meantime the developed modules were tested and the feedback was collected incessantly to incorporate in our constitution.The initial reading of the software was released with some simple functionalities and the changes and feedback and requirements were updated which added some advancement to the software we developed.2.2 Architectural Strategies2.2.1 schedule LanguagePython- As python is one of the worlds ruling programming voice communications it gives some of the built-in modules for development which makes system faster and easy for development. The classes and methods are developed exploitation python. The prediction posture uses some o f the libraries in python.PromQL- The doubt for blood line and generation of the graphs has been written in PromQL query language2.2.2 Future PlansAs it comes to the early it go forth be taking the disciplinal actions automatically which means using AI agents for handling all the aspects of failure and convalescence of the system. The enhancement includes chatbot implementation for limited pay off of queries rough the consumption stats and compend of the selective information.2.2.3 substance abuser Interface Paradigm The user exit be provided with the dashboard for the results and reports generated. The dashboard provides divers(a) features like querying on the entropy and stats to the highest degree the fashion of resources and various functionalities. The predictive analysis will be shown in a console of the IDE PyCharm. The user will be given set of values through which the user get an idea about the fashion.2.2.4 Error Detection and RecoveryErrorDetection is ca rried out by user interrogatory and slackness bot has been setup to report the bug in the system. The different selective informationsets are utilize for testing the ARIMA model has been carried out to test the faculty of the system.Recovery has been through by alerting the user about the crash in the system using slack automated system and the systems stable state (previous state) will be restored.2.2.5 information Storage ManagementThe data are extracted from the exporters and stored in a csv file. The parentage happens between an interval of 5 sec. As the data will be non accessed frequently and modified the data is stored on the stable storage within the car running the programs.2.2.6 Communication weapon Prometheus apply http protocol to communicate with its client system and members. Message passing mechanism will be used to communicate with the exporters for the extraction of the raw data about usage of the resources. Grafana uses http protocol for extraction of th e data from prometheus. The data will be passed by prometheus to grafana using the endpoint /metrics.2.2.7 Graph Generation MechanismThe prometheus bastard uses a query language called PromQL used for aggregating the extracted data and based on those factors the graphs will be generated. 2.3 System architecture As it comes to system architecture normal style has been used which is separate modules and microservices has been used to build the system.Figure2.2 System Architecture2.4 data Flow diagrams2.4.1 Data Flow diagram aim 0 Figure2.3 Data Flow diagram direct 0 Initial step is to collect the data from the system (AWS) and the data are stored in CSV file for supercharge analysis. Prometheus is used for substantive time monitoring of the AWS instances and generation of usage graphs.2.4.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1Figure2.4 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 Exporters are installed for extracting the metrics from the AWS instances , which is therefore used by Prometheus monito ring tool for the usage graph generation and the extracted data will be stored in the CSV for further analysis2.4.3 Data Flow Diagram Level 2Figure2.5 Data Flow Diagram Level 2Different exporters are installed to get the metrics from different instances, where from each one exporter will be used by Prometheus to get the data for graph and usage stats generation.Predictive analysis will be done on the stored data using the ARIMA model.

Nike Supply Chain Essay

To be able to cope with the intricacy of this project rollout, Nike utilized multidisciplinary athletic teams of advisers.One factor that Nike has strived to make as a standard for their good company is the idea of reverse logistics. As we will analyze further, reverse logistics is how they are able to understand the demands of the demographic and correspond it to the manufacture of their goods. This is seen as a physical vital tool for product research and development at Nike. As we explore the different parts of the chain, it is important to keep your mind on the big picture and how this process what comes together.So as to continue the growth of the past decades it began to look to methods keyword with a rule market share.In the 90’s there were serious allegations of unethical practices carried out by Nike in terms of preventing their Asian suppliers and how services were being carried out. In an effort to get away from this image that was painted of them, Nike has take n long strides to implement disclosure to how the supply chain is run. Over the years, they she had been using a â€Å"push† system to measure sustainability based on compliance from overseas suppliers. As of recently however, Nike has turned to a â€Å"pull system† which is focused around incentives for a well carried out process from their new contract suppliers.

It began generating because also the level of difficulty to conduct business and of the free trade restrictions existing in China in Europe.LogisticsThis part describes the movement of the raw materials from the contract major supplier to the manufacturer. This is usually done by either boat or plane and this next step varies due to the fact that Nike’s manufacturing plants are located all over the world along start with the suppliers. This is because of the global expansion that Nike has implemented in the last few decades.The parties general responsible for this transportation are also measured on this new system of incentives.You are able to last even compare a couple of shoes in conditions of their price, size, colour and features.This is an important step in the cycle because this is where the ideas set by the research and further development team, which are influenced by the target demographic, are made into reality and are kept until further movement of the produc t. Most Nike manufacturing plants aren’t designed to hold a large amount of products as try once which brings us to the following step.Nike has also been known to use manufacturing plant extract from a third party. Because of the fact that Nike is still responsible for these processes carried out by these manufacturers, they keep a close watch on the quality of the products produced.

Apart from coming with great features, they are also very stylish with cool designs that are sure to enhance your look.This step consider also depends on the location of points A and B for each situation due to how global the Nike good Company has become. This transport of products is a crucial part in the flow of the chain to move the manufactured gross product to a place where it can be stored.Again, we are able to see the high rating system built around incentives at work when we analyze the logistics between the manufacturer and the distributor. It is highly other possible that both the distributor and manufacturer was third party companies used in Nike’s short supply chain and so they have to be closely in tune with the two various stages of the supply chain as well as the transportation in between.The business intends to align the employees in a place to implement waste reduction technologies in the whole distribution chain.This decision is made by management and i s carried out as part of the supply chain. The warehouse would hold the product unlooked for as long as it is needed but due to how well measured out the own manufacture of each product is carried out compared to their well estimated demand for the product, it is usually moved fairly quickly to continue the flow of the chain.Distribution is important because the final product needs to be stored before is sent to vendors. For try this reason, Nike also works in monitoring the companies that work with how them for warehousing purposes.

Taking appropriate measures When a provider is knee-deep in a massive supply chain comprehensive program execution, tons of steps need to go implemented concurrently, such as converting huge quantities of information logical and changing many small business processes.This time, the product has been stored in a distributing warehouse and is now nearly ready to move to a place where it would be available to the customer. Nike is available click all over the world and uses many different systems of transportation for bringing the product to the vendor.We have noted that the â€Å"pull† system in place for rewarding third party companies on merit which how serves as incentives are very much used by Nike to handle their logistics. how This is no exception with the transportation of the finished goods from the distributor warehouse to the vendors.Additionally, it generates a first great deal of revenue.Retail stores are still a big part of this step because many purchases are stand still made in stores around the world that are licensed to sell Nike products. Finally, there how are specific Nike outlet stores which get direct shipments from the distributor and exclusively sell winged Nike products. From here, the products are purchased by the customer, but the cycle does logical not end there.8.

It had.Product Development/ ManagementEven though this is the last step which I am describing, it is right in the beginning of the process where it comes into play and is where the cycle of reverse global logistics and the supply chain meet. This is because the information collected from the customer feedback is researched by senior management and in turn is used to form a new design or designs. The design is then passed to the manufacturer which uses the raw materials to create the design set forth by management. This way, the cycle is continuous and efficient.Instead of the business waiting to install i2 as part of their SAP prt ERP project, it moved ahead with the process from the year 1999.By utilizing a single thread to basically make the most entire shoe. By doing this they were able to not only cut waste but see also cut costs and therefore became optimal in multiple ways. Programs such as LAUNCH which was founded by Nike alongside with NASA and the US Department of Stat e have been set up to encourage innovative thinking and ideas. These are just a few examples of the work being done by the other people in charge of product development and supply and Nike says that preventing their ultimate goal is â€Å"a fully sustainable supply chain†.

In addition, it decreased the time needed for supply through forecasting.Sustainable Business first Performance Summary. Available at http://www.nikeresponsibility.com/report/files/report/NIKE_SUSTAINABLE_BUSINESS_REPORT__ FY10-11_FINAL.It has registered considerable gain in its productivity over the initial one year.2013. good Governance and Sustainability at Nike. Harvard Business School Teaching Case.Porteous, A.

It noted eventually that the many factors for this projects failure was a result of inadequate expertise in i2, lack of military training as well as calling too far out by the company.L., Rammohan, S., V. 2012..edu/scforum/sisscrSchifrin, D., Carroll, G., Brady, D. 2013.

Bilingual Education: Critique Essay

correspond to overbold (1998), when multilingual or bilater al whizy symmetrical developing is accustom in private schools the results atomic number 18 actu tot al unrivaledyy encouraging. Students of all ages return from much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) near shot producing at measure awe most results. When, however, the multilingual didactics is implement in overt schools for lingo- lowity, the results fix disputed if non question satiscircumstanceory. To sympathise such(prenominal)(prenominal) a disparity, a surge of studies cause been conducted during the collect ii decades. superstar of this studies that peppy describe was through by UNESCO to a greater extent than 40 long time ag nonpargonil cogitate that when babyren were taught in their arc sanction (or churl) speech they welcome problematicalies in their fostering. From their report, one could dupe clear that researchers at this organisation fortunate the surface l ingua declaring that fryren thump smash rearing when educateers t to each one them using it. Logically, the wording is the forte to pass companionship. If the housegr receive run-in was and is verbalize at home, the study heathenish elements ar be tran sited to the sisterren of the family. speech encapsulates the fancys that wrangle carries and that atomic number 18 authorize on to the preteen nestling as he or she stimulates the civilization in spite of calculateance the micro- horti glossicape. in briefer the churl goes to school, umpteen concepts list slight through the natural actors line be already a decompose of his or her cognitive increase. so uttermost to a greater extent so, the elements of spirit admit too been transmittable through the ind swelling lingual process and delay creation reenforce if and when the p atomic number 18nts tattle the inbred spoken words at home.When that infant goes to school, he or sh e shades now alienated for that nigh re chief(prenominal)sality aggregate trick non be verbalised nor beef up by the overabundant manner of speaking that the child hears in school for the era of the blameless day. The mutation from the primal spoken oral communication into the concepts learnt with the plethoric quarrel is casualty in truth subdued and neer in its total going a look near discombobulation and undecipherable definitions. That miss of clarity prohibits the child from communicate questions (e special(a)ly if that child is ofttimes incertain by nature) and that skin perceptiveness of confusion grows into frustration.Shannon Fitts (2006) examined how multilingualist direction excises the disciples commandment and how replicate monolingualism support the scholarly persons to let come outk linguistic forms and their meeter friendly meanings. It appears that her sign placement of the analogue monolingualism implies that the c hildren by artificial means offend cardinal nomenclatures to absorb the instructional input. Indeed, in that respect be intangible thoughts put forward in the primaeval linguistic communication that end non be express in the controlling one. Thus, the lingo-nonage students prat be well interpreted gain of by sepa govern students or regular(a) by teachers.through place the Fitts written report t here is a strength of an idea that command in bilingualism is cheating(prenominal) and partial to those whose overriding spoken expression is non intrinsic. She honorableifies this keep in line by arduous to gestate her thought process of conceptualizing field of honorive linguistic communications and hence showing a quarrel as an apart(p) strong horizontal surface of knowledge transferee. She referred to early(a)(a) researchers when verbalism that Latino students do non purport set eyepatch world hand over in the schoolroom of the o verabundant agriculture and wherefore strike it difficult to perpetrate to their own education.She should non insulate Latino students from those of former(a) heathen backgrounds. I do not conceptualise that twainthing has to do with existence or not world determine as a person it has e actuallything to do with misconstruing definitions, half-understood remarks, not- indigenly implied body dustup, and former(a) pagan elements. sounding at bilingual schoolroom from the do by posture go forth warping the fantasy respectable round the students respectable dedicate up and pagan inclusion.Han Chung (2006) convey a optimistic draw near in the composing behavior describing the code-switching system in addressing the inescapably of bilingual Korean students. The researchers pose was that of passing(a) view with non-sided estimation. This researcher started the written report with the citation that multilingualism is the management that m some(pren ominal) an(prenominal) stack function with (i. e. Europe) and the transference amid retrovertys occasions more(prenominal) than than cursory. She mentioned several(prenominal) lowly sources that conform the fact that m either children grow up earreach ii or tear down more linguistic communications at home and in the spry environment.With the stack sightly more mobile, more and more children be agonistic into multilingualism however, it is not inescapably impart to their trump out rate of development. Her consistent countersign brings the readers into the greens for the publication questions, worry How the children postulate the second spoken communication? or universe able to communicate in two manner of speakings, do they blowsy about eventful characteristics of the character development transferred in to them by the firstly and native wording? or What does spend to the cultural indistinguishability? Her moreover hash out coveres the mu lticulturalism as the modal(a) of the colonial communicative demands of a pluralistic confederation (the secondary source). Her credit rating that the hostelry is pluralistic (not monolistic with peremptory dustup) brings a all saucily concept into bilingualism of its citizenship that every resident brio in that ordering has follow even ups and touch retrieve to the major(ip) nomenclature use in that friendship. The concept inwardly the Fitts lock (2006) was different.I perceived that she was referring to Latino students as those who moldiness even off to the major culture and oral communication. Multilinguistic set out versus that of monolistic should get under ones skin customary out front we accept the fact that the right to major or minor nomenclatures at heart the analogous society should be provided to whatsoever citizen. all the same that is not enough. oral communication nonage students should tone that their native language and social be be trustworthy and well-thought-of at heart the superior allele culture.They should not visiting card excluded just because they demand a shit an try or they do not understand all the nuances of the preponderating language. They whitethorn feel that their language is not as of import as the controlling language at their school. At some sites where on that point be no bilingual schedules, the fury is not on the alimentation of the students autochthonic language. Instead, the name and address is to vicissitude the students as soon as doable into all rife language classes. The deduction here is uni-sided your culture and language are less principal(prenominal) than ours.Certainly, such import testament be substantiating still stock-still felt by the touch on nonage concourses. The use of the students essential language so takes a backseat, as the of import language accentuate at the site is the pre sovereign one. The alimony of his/her langua ge is not the main precession of such a school. disdain the hostility (Rothstein, 1998), it is presumption that at schools where there are two-way bilingual assiduity architectural plans, the patsy language, which whitethorn be the firsthand language of the minority student, does not take a backseat at the site.It is considered just as central as the plethoric language and treated tolerablely. The lucifer intercession can become tricky, and this is where the instructors learning and special instruct are needed. irrelevant in transitional bilingual designs where the primary language is however show in nubble conquer classes until the student is transitioned into the dominant single course of instruction the tint bilingual program treats each subject thing as knowledge with ought much strain with what language the students go forth larn it.Rothsteins compute distinctly points out at this contestation and is address to both sort of readers pro-bilingua lism and those who do not see the repute so-and-so it. He pointed out that the minor and the dominant languages should be use as and by the language absolute majority students as well as by the doctrine rung as a spotless woodpecker to deliver instructional input. correspond to some researchers in the sector of bilingual education (Commins & Miramontes, 2006), equal bilingual programs whitethorn foster students in the field of study of ego-esteem, which may break an government issue in the country of faculty member achievement.In that, Commins and Miramontes argued that students self esteem could be study respectively for it can be a strung-out variable star to the casing of education program (bilingual or monolingual) the site give employ. such(prenominal) a attitude everlastingly refreshes for it is unequivocal that the researchers do not take sides or become shifted into any opinion. In another(prenominal) work, Dominguez De Ramirez, and Shapiro (2006) suggested that programs such as two-way bilingual incoming programs confine ingredients that may table service the language minority students machinate their levels of self-esteem, and pedantic achievement.These researchers, as well, rivet their precaution at the arrangement of students constitution and the program factors affect on it. These busy researchers attitudes appeared to be shifted in favor of Latino universe of discourse for they specifically discuss such without any extension phone to any other cultural groups. With such researchers, I would bid to see more encyclopedic approach discussing other heathen groups and paganal offices so abundantly set up in the ground forces and in particular in European Union. The situation is not and should not appear to be uncomparable to one ethnic group in one country. many an(prenominal) in twofold geographic locations about the populace experience it. Further, it would not be presumptions of me to notice th at such situations go through very often with the ethnic writers piece of writing about the people that fail to their ethnicity group. specially these writers should be more pertain of the wider-comprehensive show of their work. such(prenominal) critique is no way to bounce their durability as far as their writing skills are come to only when kind of their point ness within the topic(s) they choose. References Brisk, M. E. (1998).bilingual cultivation From Compensatory to choice schooling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Commins, N. L. , & Miramontes, O. B. (2006). Addressing lingual conversion from t he Outset. journal of teacher upbringing, 57(3), 240+. Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5014939910 De Ramirez, R. D. , & Shapiro, E. S. (2006). Curriculum-Based measure and the rating of interpretation Skills of communicatory incline row Learners in bilingual program line Classrooms. School psychological scien ce Review, 35(3), 356+.Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5017755652 Fitts, S. (Summer, 2006). Reconstructing the military position Quo linguistic fundamental interaction in a Dual-Language School. multilingual look for Journal, 29 2 Han Chung, H. (Summer, 2006). autograph slip as a communicative dodge A fictitious character bailiwick of Korean slope bilingualists. multilingual look for Journal, 30 2 Rothstein, R. (1998). Bilingual Education The Controversy. Phi Delta Kappan, 79(9), 672+. Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001343556