Mvp by Clare Mishica - 777 Words

Jealousy is the key factor that pushes us to do better or it can overpower our thinking abilities because we want to be the best, so we don’t think about how it can affect the people around us. This is exactly what happens in the story, â€Å"MVP,† by Clare Mishica. Derek wants to be the most valuable player on his basketball team instead of Cole so much that he forgets to be a team player. When Cole gets hurt, Derek realizes how much more important the trophy and being a part of the team is than getting MVP. Teamwork is always more efficient than trying to achieve something individually because a person can do very little alone, but together we can accomplish a lot. The saying, â€Å"Two heads are better than one,† goes along with this perfectly.†¦show more content†¦People tend to want something so much with reckless abandon that when they receive it, they find out it doesn’t hold the same value anymore and has lost its appeal. Throughout the ga me even when he was hurt, Cole was only thinking about how he could help his team win and he didn’t care one bit about how popular he was or how close he was to getting MVP. He is the perfect example of teamwork and sportsmanship. Teamwork is the answer to accomplishing a task because it doesn’t matter

Poetry and Love - 863 Words

Rhetorical Analysis of Love Poems The two poems â€Å"Magic of Love† by Helen Farries and â€Å"Love Poem† by John Frederick Nims are both poems with the central theme of love. The ways that these two authors express this theme differ significantly from each other and show two spectrums of love in literature. Through their use of syntax, diction, rhyme, and meter, these poets portray love in a unique and personal manner that illicit specific emotions from the reader for a variety of possible reasons, which will be analyzed in this essay. The poem by Helen Farries, â€Å"Magic of Love†, immediately has a light-hearted tone due to the positive choice in diction, the third word of the entire poem being â€Å"wonderful† which strongly backs up the happy mood.†¦show more content†¦Even in assuming the general audience is receptive of the idea that love is something to be cherished and celebrated, the over-done quality of the piece makes for a saturated expression and exasperates every possible whimsical quality of the subject with blatant terms. Unlike this, however, is Nims’ poem plainly titled â€Å"Love Poem†. This work is on the entirely other end of the spectrum from Farries’ poem with its calm overtones and meaningful words used to express a more profound and realistic view of how love can be cherished and celebrated. Nims shows a better understanding of literary devices as he uses many to his advantage in order to express a complicated and profound view of an intimate and outreaching love. His subject, the one that embodies and is subjected to his theme of love, is loved by many and perhaps even all as she could be the personification of love itself. Her destructive and chaotic presence leaves traces on everyone’s lives yet they see through the bad qualities to find the true essence of what it means to love and be loved, cherishing the good despite the bad. Though her touch is careless and her actions are clumsy and hardly thought out, she means well and only wants those around her to be happy; this shows a balance in life and love that keeps people in an overall stable existence with each other. This is further supported withShow MoreRelatedPoetry Of Love Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry is a form of literature which can be characterized by rhythm. Poetry may be short or may be long. There is no limit to themes that a poet may use for their poem. A poem can be about animals, nature, and a common theme, love. The two poems that will be discussed in the pap er have a common theme of love. While one poem speaks of love for a woman, the other explains what love is in general. Theses two poems are When You Are Old by William Butler Yeats, and Let Me Not to the Marriage of TrueRead MorePoetry : Theme Of Love1638 Words   |  7 PagesLove in Poetry Studying the theme of love in poetry can help a relationship to move from one level to another. Poems express love in unique ways that draws the attention of both the poet and the recipient to focus and express love in powerful ways. The choice of words and phrases used in poems can provide the insight lovers needs to keep their love strong and live for as long as possible (Literary Devices, 2015). Sometimes love fades because people take each other for granted and forget expressingRead MoreThe Theme of Love in Poetry1916 Words   |  8 PagesThe Theme of Love in Poetry Love is a very common theme in poetry. By closely examining the ways in which two poets(one must be pre 1900) have explored this theme. Show what you have found to be similar/different in their handling of this theme. Many people have different views on love. Many of these views throughout the ages are explored through poetry as love has much contemporary relevance in todays society as it ever did before. Two love poems I read whichRead More Love in Poetry Essay3954 Words   |  16 PagesLove in Poetry There are endless ways in which love can be portrayed and occur. There are numerous types of love, whether its physical, emotional or romantic love. I intend to expand upon and highlight the various ways in which love an loss is portrayed in 5 selected poems: John Clares First Love, John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci, Robert Browning My Last Duchess and Christina Rossettis two poems Birthday and Remember. All of the poets portray love the concept of love orRead More Love in Poetry Essay1997 Words   |  8 PagesLove in Poetry â€Å"The course of true love never did run smoothly,† (William Shakespeare.) How far do you think the three poems you have read conform to this view? Throughout history love has been a favoured theme with many poets in their writing. Carol Ann Duffy, (born 1958) tackles the issue of love in her poem â€Å"Valentine,† as does Percy Bysshe Shelly (1792-1822) in the poem â€Å"Love’s Philosophy,† and finally Robert Burns (1759-1796) considers the topic in â€Å"A Red Red Rose.† As differentRead MoreMy Hate And Love Of Poetry1201 Words   |  5 PagesFrom My Hate To Love of Poetry I hated poetry, loathed it even. Until eighth grade I hated writing, reading, or even listening to poetry. Something about it was remarkably confusing and annoying. Anyone that knows me would most likely think I would enjoy poetry. I am a extremely slow reader, so the fact that poetry is almost always short and easy to read would make people think it is something I would appreciate. The problem with poetry was constantly not having any idea what the author was tryingRead MoreEssay on An Exploration of Love Poetry1691 Words   |  7 PagesAn Exploration of Love Poetry Coursework Poetry is an idiosyncratic way of a person trying to articulate their feelings or other in a different way about a variety of topics, love, past experiences, politics etc. With the use of metaphors and similes, one can show diverse things without having to be precise about them. Not just words can tell us about the poem, a lot of the time we can learn how the poet is trying to express themselves, by looking at the sentenceRead MoreJohn Donne Love Poetry1442 Words   |  6 Pageslies is that, in poetry, all facts and all beliefs cease to be true or false and become interesting possibilities†¦It may not, perhaps, be absolutely necessary that he believe it, but it is certainly necessary that his emotions be deeply involved, and this they can never be unless, as a man, he takes it more seriously than as a mere poetic convenience.† It is Donne’s sensibility and his personal experiences which are revealed with a vibrancy of language in his love and religious poetry that make himRead MoreEssay on Love and Metaphysical Poetry1635 Words   |  7 PagesMetaphysical poetry. Poetry that enables its audience to take a journey with the poet throughout life’s battles, luxuries and treasures, is simply a phenomenon. Today, we are very lucky to have the luxury of many metaphysical poems; however, today we will be exploring just two. These being A Valediction Forbidding Mourning and To His Coy Mistress. Both poems possess different themes and features that will be compared and contrasted throughout, however, are connected through the discourse of love. TheRead MoreEssay on Comparing Love Poetry602 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Love Poetry In this assignment I am going compare and contrast two poems, A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns and Lucy Poems by William Wordsworth. In this assignment I am also going to discuss, how each poet uses language, how they portray the theme of love, the tradition and culture of each poet and my own personal response to these poems. Robert Burns was born in 1759, in Alloway in Ayrshire in Scotland. Burns father was a poor tenant - farmer but he

The Advantages of City Life Free Essays

Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages of City Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Advantages of City Life There are undeniable advantages to both life in a big city and in a small town. The former offers more excitement and convenience while the latter offers a cleaner, quieter and often friendlier place to live.However, despite the advantages of small town life, I prefer to live in a big city for several reasons. First, life in the city is more convenient. More goods are available and stores are open later. Also, there is better public transportation so it is easier to get around. I can find almost anything I want easily in the city. Second, there are more ways to spend leisure time in the city. There are many places I can go to meet friends and have fun.Finally, and most importantly, the city offers more educational and career opportunities. The city often attracts the best teachers and the best companies. There is also a wider choice of jobs so it is easier to move up the career ladder. For all of these reasons, I prefer to live in the city. Although I sometimes miss the fresh air and quiet life of a small town, nothing can make up for the opportunities that the city offers me. If one wants to be successful, I believe the best place to live is the city. How to cite The Advantages of City Life, Papers

Risk Management Issues In Project Planning

Question: Discuss about theRisk Management Issues In Project Planning. Answer: Project Context In recent times with rapidly changing business environment, project management has gained importance in every organization whether small, medium or large (Atkinson et al., 2006). This is mainly because of the benefits reaped from successful project management. Project Management proves to be beneficial for the business organizations to achieve maximum return by using minimum resources i.e. it helps in achieving cost efficiency and enhances the productivity of the employees by driving them towards working in a team (Larson Gray, 2011). In the present competitive business environment, an organization can succeed only if it adopts creativity and innovation and both these aspects are ensured by project management (Shenhar Dvir, 2007). Project management helps in completing the work systematically since in project management, everything is done in a proper sequence starting from setting of the goals and objectives to implementation of strategies for successful achievement of the project goals (Meredith Mantel, 2011). Thus Project Management has emerged as an attractive profession. Moreover, project Management has emerged as one of the prestigious professions in competitive market and this is because project management is more challenging and it enhances the learning of the individuals exponentially and acquiring experience by solving critical issues pertaining to the various requirements of different projects (Crawford et al., 2006). An individual who recognizes himself as a good problem solver and is ready to take the challenges upfront then, the profession of Project Management is best suitable for him or her (Meredith et al., 2013). Moreover, the Project Management as a profession demands good attitude towards work, good level acceptability and huge patience (Madter et al., 2012). In addition, it is also the fact that overall money matters and Project Management as a profession fetches an individual with starting remuneration between S20,000 to $35,000 on the basis of the industry norms. So, with respect to earnings an individual as a Project Manager can fi nd himself on good edge that can solve all his financial requirements and it also provides individual with the opportunity of leading a lavish life and various other benefits (Holzle, 2010). In order to become a professional Project Manager, it becomes important on the part of the individual to exhibit a broad a range of talents to bring teams together and assist the organization in reaching its goals. Thus there are various skills and knowledge required to become a professional Project Manager: Vision A professional project manager should possess a clear vision of where to go and the ability to articulate the same. Communication Professional Project Manager should possess effective communication skills to communicate the goals, performance, responsibility, feedback and expectations. He should also possess the desired negotiation and persuasive skills to ensure the success of the team (Brill et al., 2006). Integrity A professional Project Manager is responsible for setting ethical standards for the team and thus he should be characterized with honesty, loyalty and integrity. Enthusiasm and Passion The Project Manager should possess a can do attitude. He should be enthusiastic to remain committed to the goals and express the commitment through optimism (Thomas Mengel, 2008). Empathy and Compassion Project Manager should understand that team members have life outside the workplace and the individuals are not machines without emotions. So, considering these aspects, he would be able to develop personal relationship with the team members necessary for achieving better results (McManus, 2006). Competence The Project Manager should be competent in context to both the soft skills and technical skills. He should possess the ability to challenge, lead inspire, enable, model and encourage the team members. Moreover, he should also be aware of the technical know of the details of the project he or she is handling. Delegation The Project Manager should possess the ability to delegate and so he should be able recognize the expertise and skills of the team members and assign the tasks accordingly. Composure It is important for the Project Manager to remain composed and maintain his cool irrespective of the level of pressure. Team Building The Project Manager should be a good team builder and he should be able to maintain a sense of team spirit despite of the problems in project execution. Problem Solving The Project Manager should possess the ability of solving problems, may it be with the team or with the project itself. This would help in developing a sense of trust among the team members that the Project Manager can solve their problems (Middlewood and Abbott, 2012). However, Project Manager should involve the team in problem solving. Risk Management The skills required by the Professional Project Manager have undergone significant changes over the years. The technological advancements have led to increased uncertainty and thus risks associated with the project cannot be controlled by developing detailed project plans (Ferraro, 2008). Thus a successful Project manager emphasizes upon learning to adapt to the changes rather than making attempts to eliminate the risks. Project Proposal Working Title: Risk Management Issues in Project Planning Background and Definition of the Issue The studies conducted by (De Bakker et al., 2010) has revealed that a project generals fails when the plan is not met i.e. the project exceeds the timeline, overspends the budget or underperforms expectations. So, it can be said that the project tends to fail when the plan is too optimistic i.e. when costs and actions are forced for achieving the predetermined targets and when the external events influences the project plan i.e. lack of sufficient resources, unanticipated work and extraordinary events (Olsson, 2008). So, this leads to the necessity of risk assessment techniques for obtaining more realistic estimates that can lead to more attainable plan. This helps the project to be more likely towards meeting its forecasts and avoid disappointments. Risk Management emphasizes upon disclosing the sensitivity of the project to the participants and thus ensures the fact that all the threats are fully understood (Bannerman, 2008). This in turn leads to setting the targets and contingenc ies at correct levels, negotiating the contracts with accurate understanding of the potential challenges and provide opportunities for developing the risk mitigation strategies in advance (Kendrick, 2015). So, on the basis of the above aspects, it can be said that risk and uncertainty if not managed efficiently can lead to damaging consequences and this is the reason why risk analysis and management is an important aspect in project manager for achieving success. This, in turn makes it necessary on the part of the project managers to possess the right knowledge and experience in context to risk analysis and management. Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects, the researcher in the present study would emphasize upon analyzing the importance of risk management and identifying the risk management issues in project planning. Research Rationale Analysis has revealed that the success rate of the projects is very low globally and this evident from the fact that globally only 64% of the projects meet their goals. Moreover, around 70% of the companies report that at least one of their projects have failed in the year 2013 and this has resulted in a loss of around $109 million for every $1 billion they have invested in their projects (projectmanagementworks, 2014). Other statistics reveal that where high performing organizations are characterized with a success rate of 89%, the low performers are characterized with a success rate of mere 36%. The analysis of the major realisms behind the failure of the projects revealed that undefined risks are responsible for 30% of the project failures (projectmanagementworks, 2014). So, these figures clearly highlight the importance of risk management in project management. So, the above aspects motivated the researcher to undertake the study to analyze the importance of risk management and identify the risk management issues in project planning. Research Aim and Objectives The researcher in the present study would strive towards analyzing the importance of risk management issues in project planning together with analyzing the importance of risk management in project management and thus the entire study would be observed to revolving around the following research objectives: To analyze the risks that project managers attend to while managing the project. To analyze the risk management practices that project managers employ while managing the project. To investigate the risk management strategies employed by the project manager while managing the project. Literature Review The studies conducted by Hillson, (2006) has revealed that there are various concepts like explicit opportunity management, the uncertainty management paradigm, a constructively simple approach to evaluation and interpretation of estimates, risk attitude and complexity theory concepts that are important for improving the management of risk and uncertainty in a complex project environment. Moreover, the studies conducted by Olsson, (2007)put forward the fact that the probability based risk management theory does not provide explanation to the important aspects of the observed project management practice and the assumptions of the probability based approach exhibits limited applicability. Analysis of the available literature revealed that there exist very limited evidence where the literature is mainly focused upon the importance of risk management in project management and risk management issues in project management (Hillson Murray-Webster, 2008). So, this can be looked upon to be a research gap especially in context to the uncertainty and risk management practices on the part of the project manager in relation to the complexity of the project. Moreover, studies conducted by Zhang, (2011) has emphasized upon facilitating the project managers with advices in context to the ways in which they can manage the risks involved in the project rather an assessing the relative effectiveness of the advices. Thus, with increased number of project failure together with increasing complexities in the project and inadequate risk and uncertainty management practices creates the need to analyze the risk management strategies and practices that are efficient in managing the risks involved in the project. Research Process The researcher in the present study would strive towards collecting the secondary data from both the online and offline sources. The online sources would include the peer reviewed articles, early researches and journals published online (Zikmund et al., 2013). Various articles relevant to the undertaken study would be searched with the help of Google Search Engine and would be reviewed manually by reviewing the abstract, title and list of references to decide upon where to include the article or journal into study or not. The inclusion criteria would include studies providing details of risk management in project management, studies published within a time a frame of 2006 to 2016 and the studies published in English language. The sleeted articles for the study would be analyzed and interpreted to analyze the alignment that exist between the available literature and the findings that would determine the success of the study (Blumberg et al., 2014). Major Millstones of the Project: Gantt Chart Main Activities/ Stages Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Topic selection and its scope Identification of secondary data sources Preparation of research proposal Preparation of literature review Description of research methodology Preparing ethics form Analysing data Comparing findings Conclusion and recommendations Finalising and submission Conclusion The study would prove to be beneficial on the part of the researcher to gain the required knowledge to become a professional in Project Manager that would assist him in handling projects at work in future. References Atkinson, R., Crawford, L., Ward, S. (2006). Fundamental uncertainties in projects and the scope of project management.International journal of project management,24(8), 687-698. Bannerman, P. L. (2008). Risk and risk management in software projects: A reassessment.Journal of Systems and Software,81(12), 2118-2133. Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2014).Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristics required of an effective project manager: A web-based Delphi study.Educational technology research and development,54(2), 115-140. Crawford, L., Pollack, J., England, D. (2006). Uncovering the trends in project management: Journal emphases over the last 10 years.International journal of project management,24(2), 175-184. De Bakker, K., Boonstra, A., Wortmann, H. (2010). Does risk management contribute to IT project success? A meta-analysis of empirical evidence.International Journal of Project Management,28(5), 493-503. Ferraro, J. (2008). The strategic project leader. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications. Hillson, D. (2006). Extending the risk process to manage opportunities. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 235-240. Hillson, D., Murray-Webster, R. (2008). Managing group risk attitude (pp. 190). Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing. Hlzle, K. (2010). Designing and implementing a career path for project managers.International Journal of Project Management,28(8), 779-786. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. F. (2011). Project management: The managerial process. Madter, N., Bower, D. A., Aritua, B. (2012). Projects and personalities: A framework for individualising project management career development in the construction industry.International Journal of Project Management,30(3), 273-281. McManus, J. (2006). Leadership. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J., Shafer, S. M. (2013).Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education. Middlewood, D. and Abbott, I. (2012). Achieving success with your leadership project. Los Angeles: Sage. Olsson, R. (2007). In search of opportunity : Is the risk management process enough? International Journal of Project Management, 25(8), 745-752. Olsson, R. (2008). Risk management in a multi-project environment: An approach to manage portfolio risks.International journal of quality reliability management,25(1), 60-71. projectmanagementworks. (2014).Project Failure Statistics: The Shocking Truth. [online] Retrieved from: https://projectmanagementworks.com/project-failure-statistics/. Shenhar, A. J., Dvir, D. (2007).Reinventing project management: the diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Harvard Business Review Press. Thomas, J., Mengel, T. (2008). Preparing project managers to deal with complexityAdvanced project management education.International Journal of Project Management,26(3), 304-315. Zhang, H. (2011). Two schools of risk analysis : A review of past research on project risk. Project Management Journal, 42(4), 5-18. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

6 Must Have Trifles You Will Buy for Leftover Funds If You Find Someone to Ask ‘Write My Essay for Cheap’

The written assignments are ones of the top detested tasks among all students. As an abundance of demands should be followed if a student wishes to receive a positive grade. It is especially important if a student battles against examination or admission essay. Most students may want to tell somebody help write my essay by the end of a semester. However, the most frequent question that students start asking when the time presses and when there is a necessity to write an essay in the fastest way is: Is it possible to write my essay in the most effective way and within the shortest deadline? We have to admit that it is possible to overcome the great wall of written assignments. Fortunately, there are some ways to get assistance with writing your academic papers. 5 Popular Ways to Cope with Assignments The actual research processes. This is a hard stage. However, a student has to gather all the efforts and starts writing. 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Harriet Tubman on the Twenty Dollar Bill

Harriet Tubman on the Twenty Dollar Bill Harriet Tubman was an amazing woman - she escaped slavery, freed hundreds of others, and even worked as a spy during the Civil War. Now she’s going to grace the front of the twenty dollar bill. But is this move progress or pandering? The Current State of Currency The faces of United States currency have a few things in common. They feature prominent figures in American history. Figures such as George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Benjamin Franklin have been pictured on our paper money, and some of our coins, for decades. These individuals were prominent in the founding and/or leadership of the nation. Not surprising, money is sometimes referred to colloquially as â€Å"dead presidents,† despite the fact that some figures on the money, such as Alexander Hamilton and Benjamin Franklin, were never presidents. In some ways, that fact does not matter much to the public. Hamilton, Franklin, and the others are larger than life figures in the history of the founding of the nation. It makes sense that the currency would feature them. However, what Washington, Lincoln, Hamilton, and Franklin also have in common is that they are prominent white men. Indeed, very few women, and fewer people of color more generally, have been featured on U.S. currency. For example, prominent women’s suffragist Susan B. Anthony was featured on a United States dollar coin minted from 1979 to 1981; however, the series was halted due to poor public reception, only to be reissued again for a short period in 1999. The following year another dollar coin, this time featuring the Native American guide and interpreter from the Shoshone nation, Sacagewa, who led Lewis and Clark on their expedition. Like the Susan B. Anthony coin, the golden dollar coin featuring Sacagewa was unpopular with the public and is of primary interest to collectors. But it looks like things are about to change. Now several women, including Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Marian Anderson, and Alice Paul will be gracing other denominations of paper money in the next upcoming years. How Did It Happen? A group called Women on 20s has been advocating to replace former president Andrew Jackson on the twenty dollar bill. The non-profit, grassroots organization had one major goal: to convince President Obama that now is the time to put a woman’s face on America’s paper currency. Women on 20s used an online election format with two rounds of voting that let the public choose a nominee from an original slate of 15 inspiring women from American history, women such as Wilma Mankiller, Rosa Parks, Eleanor Roosevelt, Margaret Sanger, Harriet Tubman and others. Over the course of 10 weeks, more than half a million people cast votes, with Harriet Tubman ultimately emerging as the winner. On May 12, 2015, Women On 20s presented a petition to President Obama with the election results. The group also encouraged him to instruct Secretary of the Treasury Jacob Lew to use his authority to make this currency change in time to have a new bill in circulation before the 100th anniversary of women’s suffrage in 2020. And, after a year of public polls, discussion, and agitation, Harriet Tubman was chosen to be the face of the new twenty dollar bill. Why the $20 Bill? It’s all about the centennial of the 19th amendment, which granted (most but not all) women the right to vote. 2020 marks the 100th anniversary of the passage of the 19th Amendment and Women on 20s sees having women on the currency as the most appropriate way commemorate that milestone, arguing that â€Å"Let’s make the names of female ‘disrupters’- the ones who led the way and dared to think differently as well-known as their male counterparts. In the process, maybe it will get a little easier to see the way to full political, social and economic equality for women. And hopefully, it wont take another century to realize the motto inscribed on our money: E pluribus unum, or ‘Out of many, one.’† The move to replace Jackson makes sense. While he has been hailed throughout history because of his lowly beginnings and rise to the White House and his conservative views on spending, he was also an unabashed racist who engineered the removal of indigenous people from the southeast - also known as the infamous Trail of Tears  - to make way for white settlers and the expansion of slavery because of his belief in Manifest Destiny. He is responsible for some of the darkest chapters in American history. The group’s focus on putting women on paper money is a key one. Women had been featured on coins and not the frequently used ones such as the quarter yet those coins have been unpopular and have gone out of circulation quickly. Putting women on more frequently used paper money means that millions will use this currency. It means that women’s faces will be staring back at us while we buy groceries or tip servers or make it rain at the strip club. And instead of it being â€Å"all about the Benjamins,† it may be all about the Tubmans. Who Is Harriet Tubman? Harriet Tubman  was a slave, a conductor on the Underground Railroad, a nurse, a spy, and a suffragist. She was born into slavery in the 1820s in Dorchester, Maryland and named Araminta by her family. Tubman’s family was fractured by slavery and her own life was marred by violence and pain. For example, when she was 13, she received a blow to her from her master that resulted in a lifetime of illness, including headaches, narcolepsy, and seizures. In her 20s, she decided to take the ultimate risk: fleeing slavery. To call Tubman brave is an understatement. She not only made the perilous escape from slavery herself, she also returned South dozens of times to free hundreds of others. She used disguises to evade and outwit slave catchers and never lost a single person on the flight to freedom. During the Civil War, Tubman worked as a nurse, cook, scout, and spy. In fact, in 1863, she led an armed raid that freed 700 slaves in South Carolina on the Combahee River. Harriet Tubman has the great distinction of being the first woman ever to lead a military expedition in American history. After the civil war, Tubman was an avid suffragist who worked with high profile women’s rights advocates such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, lecturing on the right to vote. Later in life, after retiring to a farm outside of Auburn, New York, and after a long and arduous process of appeals, she secured a pension for herself of $20 per month for her Civil War efforts which makes it all the more ironic that she will now grace the front of the $20.   Is This Progress or Pandering? Harriet Tubman is undoubtedly a great American hero. She fought for the oppressed and put her own life and body on the line numerous times for others. As a Black woman freedom fighter, her life is a primary example of what it means to fight intersectionally  - taking into account various intersecting oppressions. She represents some of the most marginalized in our history and her name and memory should be on the lips of schoolchildren everywhere. But should she be on the $20? Many have hailed the decision to replace Andrew Jackson with Harriet Tubman, citing the move as evidence of the great progress our nation has made. Indeed, during part of her life Tubman was legally recognized as chattel - that is, movable property like a candlestick, or a chair, or cattle. She could have been legally bought or sold with U.S. currency. Therefore, goes the argument, the fact that she will now be the face of money shows how far we have come. Others have remarked that this same irony is why Tubman should not be on the $20. The argument is that a woman who risked her life countless times in order to free others, and who spent her years advocating for social change should not be associated with something as debased as money. Also, some argue that the fact that she was considered property for much of her life makes her inclusion on the twenty dollar bill hypocritical and distasteful. Still more insist that Tubman on the $20 simply pays lip service to issues of racism and inequality. In a moment where activists are trying to make the claim that Black Lives Matter and when systemic oppression has still left Blacks on the bottom of the social totem pole, some wonder about how useful it is to have Harriet Tubman on the $20. Others have argued that paper currency should only be reserved for government officials and presidents.   This is a particularly interesting moment to place Harriet Tubman on the $20. On the one hand, the U.S. has seen an amazing amount of social change in the past few decades. From having a Black president to the passage of gay marriage to the rapidly shifting racial demographics of the country, the U.S. is transforming to a new nation. However, some of the nation’s old guard is not going down with a fight. The increasing popularity of ultra-right wing conservatism, white supremacy groups, and even the troubling rise of Donald Trump speaks to much of the uneasiness a substantial part of the country has with the social sea of change going on. Some of the vitriolic reactions to the news of Tubman on the twenty dollar bill underscore that racism and sexism are far from obsolete. Interestingly, while Women on 20s did gain a victory for their campaign by getting Harriet Tubman on the $20, Andrew Jackson is not really going anywhere: he will still be on the back of the note. Perhaps in the case of women gracing U.S. paper currency, it is a situation where the more things change, the more things stay the same.

Motivation & Communication of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivation & Communication of Leadership - Essay Example Some of the strategies are having vision and quick victories, setting personal examples, instilling optimism and self-confidence among others. Lastly, leadership is applicable in any situation because of its tremendous contribution in motivating followers and offering a communication channel (Charteris-Black, 2006). Hence, the role of leadership is applicable in nearly every place since it determines the success of an operation as well as the progress. Similarly, leadership can intervene in situations where followers are deviating from the course by giving direction and defining parameters (Draft, 2014). Motivation and communication topic is very essential because it informs the scholars and the public the importance of leadership. It helps in defining some of the roles people might not know as well as the importance of providing leadership through motivation and communication. More so, the topic is important in preparing students to become better leaders capable of meeting their

Critically evaluate the statement that understanding organizational Essay

Critically evaluate the statement that understanding organizational behavior is important to organizational success - Essay Example Indeed, this confirms that there is a link between organizational behavior and the performance and success of an organization, only that its workforce can differentiate the organization. This paper presents a thoughtful discussion to certify the fact that the understanding of organisational behaviour is important to organisational success. Arguably, studying and understanding organizational behavior is very important to be able to analyze the growth and success of any organization. Understanding organizational behavior involves knowing about individuals and human nature. More so, it is necessary to understand organizational behavior since the organizations themselves have members and the factors that affect the organizations have an impact on the people involved also. Actually, the organizational behavior enables individuals to perform tasks assigned to them effectively starting with the management to the employees in order achieve high productivity and success in an organization. Or ganizational behavior is actually one of the approaches of management (Fayyaz et al. 2008, p. 5). Moreover, understanding organizational behavior is valuable to the organization especially if the organization has effectively implemented organizational behaviors (Phillips & Gully, 2012, p. 6). ... 200). The key employees’ behaviours that are given attention in an organization include productivity, turnover and absenteeism. The absence or presence of employees determines their productivity and that of the organization since the management is concerned with quality of work done by the employees. Job satisfaction is a very important factor that has to be considered by the managers since it has been noted that there is a relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. Satisfaction also explains employees’ absenteeism and turnover as well as their motivation to perform their duties effectively. Apart from employees’ attitude and perception, productivity is influenced by job satisfaction, ethical optimism, and the kind of relationship between the employer and employee (Gilliland, Steiner & Skarlicki, 2007, p. 200). Managers are expected to handle their job effectively and efficiently and they can achieve this by having adequate knowledge to deal with a n ew workforce, and complications of the new working environment. Organizational behavior enables the organization perform well in that, paying attention to employees, and recognizing their performance form part of tasks a manager needs to focus on, in order to be successful (Phillips & Gully, 2012, p. 6). Accordingly, understanding organizational behaviour is very important in organizational success as it helps in examining interactions within small groups either formal or informal where individuals merge their efforts towards achieving organizational goals (Fayyaz et al., 2008, p. 4). Arguably, the goals of organizational behaviour include understanding why people behave the way they do, analyse how individuals behave under

Critically Analyse the Claim that Humans Are Political Animals Essay

Critically Analyse the Claim that Humans Are Political Animals - Essay Example This paper stresses that given the fact that individual human beings are not in any position to carry out their naturally defined functions without the city-state, the so given state is therefore naturally precedes the individuals in every aspect. In regards to the above mentioned arguments then, it is clear that every human being or individual has the natural impulse for a community which is political especially with the consideration that the city-state was created out of the intelligence of human beings. They then end up living a political life while in nature they are animals. Man is known to have an innate proclivity to always participate in several public activities and deal with others in the city. Associations and other bonds are then created as men live together in partnership due to the natural tendency to interact and socialize with other men. This rpeort makes a conclusion that as much as the several theorists try to explain the political naturalism in human beings, there is no concern or any consideration expressed on the part of the city-state’s modern liberalism. There is no explanation given on the freedom of individuals who participate in the city-state and protective provisions for their own private life from the exposition of the entire public. Aristotle’s arguments and justification on communitarian politics gives priority to the well-being of a community. Other modernists also argue on the basis of humans being conjugal and dependent on each other and thus conclude that establishing households, interacting and socializing among individuals makes one a complete human being. In that case, individual liberty does not win in context of any city-state just as freedom and private ownership does not exist for animals.

Marketing Plan Case Study

Marketing Plan Case Study INTRODUCTION The following is the marketing plan for Ballantynes my brand of sweatshirts. Marketing segmentation refers to the process of dividing a market into segments or groups of customers with similar needs or wants who are likely to show similar purchase behavior. After market segmentation we get to know the different types of customers with different types of needs and desires. The target segments for my business would be young generation and mature people. I am opening sweatshirts business in Christchurch city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Ballantynes, n.d) Two bases selected for market segmentation in my sweatshirt business are      Ã‚   Demographic ( Gender, Income, lifestyle) Behavioral (Attitude and Benefits looking for) PROSPECTIVE CUSTOMERS Youngsters: The target audience would be between the age group of 16-25. I would like to open the shop in near the Christchurch university area as it a busy area and youngsters normally hangout in that area. I would target both male and females as both of them wear it. I would target youngsters who are from middle -higher class, because students would normally prefer reasonable and trendy clothes. I would have clothes from medium to higher range. Professionals and Mature People: The target audience would be both male and females between the age group of 26-40, I would like open it in CBD area, as there are many corporate and tourist in that area and they can buy in during their break time, or while doing window shopping, Similarly tourist can buy products as CBD is a famous tourist place. I would target customers from middle class to higher class. Corporate people would prefer trendy sweatshirts which is easily feasible for them. Old People:-The target audience would be males and females between the age group of 50-75, I would like to open it in North shore as there are many retirement villages and the crowd is posh and they prefer trendy clothes, I would target income group from middle to higher class, Old people love to have comfortable and feasible clothing. So I will make it easily accessible to them. I am going to focus on Youngsters and Professionals as two potential target markets for my business. Type of market Demographic and Behavioral Characteristics Youngsters I am going to cover age group from 14 to 25 years in both male and female. They look for style and new designs in the product like chain, hoodies, colorful, pictures of stars and sports personalities, and some motivational quotations to have a unique personality in the society. They are bit price concerned as their income is limited and are probably dependent on parents in early ages. They belong to the category of different size and range of price. They are knowledgeable about brands but not loyal to them as they only want to look different. This market is large in size but less frequent user of sweatshirts. They have least concern with service but much sensitive about replacement and return guarantee. They consider price while buy products. Professionals and Mature people This segment belongs to the age group between 25- 50 years. They have potential to buy quality products and thus have less price sensitivity but look for casual designs with sober colors and convenient to wear during office times. They look for brands and quality stuff used to prepare the product. This segment mostly prefers simple and plain sweatshirts with benefit of warmth and personality feature. They sought for product which has brand value in the market and is seen number of times in public through print or electronic media. This segment prefers to have sweatshirts with detachable hoodies so that they can use it without it. They love to buy more durable products while buying clothes. Company objectives and resources Company objectives and resources: Companys objective will be maintaining loyalty with existing customers and by making good profit attracting new customers too. Company will focus to reach its break even as soon as possible by setting some targets and achieving them on time. Company will use various resources to meet their targets like advertisement resources.   Definability of segments: Competitive rivalry Will be high for the product as there are many clothing shops in Christchurch and everyone is competing. Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers would be low as there are many suppliers in the market Bargaining power of customers:   The bargaining power of customers would be high as there are many clothing companies joints in the market and they can bargain. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants is high. Threat of substitute products or services: sweatshirts can be replaced by coat, jackets T-shirts etc. Current Size of the Market Population of youngsters: 300,000 Population of Professionals: 465,000 Industrial growth: 15% of total population The above statistics gives me assurance about my product and segment attractiveness in the market. And my business is having growth potential in long run due to the necessity of it as per climatic conditions in New Zealand. (statistics New Zealand, n.d) Task 3 A differentiated marketing strategy is when a company creates campaigns that appeal to at least two market segments or target groups.   I am targeting youngsters through styles, design, varied price range, stuff like cotton, woollen, synthetic and pictures of personalities, wording they do like to see on cloths, glowing colours, hoodies attached and promoting through social media. I will attract my second target market of professionals and mature people with casual look, brand logo, simple designs in sweatshirts, dual colour and quality stuff to protect from cold and have hoodies which can be removed too. I will provide unique designs to give a feeling of personality symbol to them and approach through social media, T.V advertisement and   promotion through magazines. (ballantynes, n.d) Task 4 As there are many competitors of my company Ballantynes, the major competitors    Cottton on The above diagram demonstrates my positioning of my product in the market.. Ballantynes is moderately priced with reasonable price and quality. Nike, Adidas, Puma are high in quality and even the price is higher. Cotton On is below me though it is low in price but the quality is not good. So I feel I can compete and sustain on the, market with giving reasonable pricing and good quality sweatshirts. Task 5 Product: 1. PRODUCT: What does the customer want from the product / service? What needs does it satisfy? I have a wide range of products such as sweatshirts for women, men sweat shirts, Kids wear, and fashion accessories. My product strategy will be latest design, fashionable, stylish, varied size with hoodies and Chain, pockets inside and outside, replacement or return facility in limited period to attract youngsters. I will provide specific logo on the sweatshirts front and back side. I will provide different fabric style sweatshirts it may be design with cotton stuff and woolen as well. I will give products in varied colors like plain, combination and quality stuff to attract my mature and professionals target market. I will provide different sizes for sweatshirts for example small, medium, large and extra large size. Price: What is the value of the product or service to the buyer? Are there established price points for products or services in this area? Price is the factor which attracts the customers thats why companys product is from low medium price range. Its service and stuff is very fine so people like to wear this brand and its price is also very reasonable. The competitors of sweatshirts are selling their product at comparatively high price, so that is great advantage because target segments are attracting towards sweatshirts product as it provides affordable and good quality products.The price range for my sweatshirts would be between $12-$150 Promotion: What is the value of the product or service to the buyer? Are there established price points for products or services in this area? For advertising we will advertise in magazines that mostly attracts customers. Billboards are good tool for advertising, they are attractive and everywhere could see them. Advertisements have to be written in simple language and easy to understand. We would promote them on social media as it is cost effective and can reach the mass market. Place: Where do buyers look for your product or service? If they look in a store, what kind? A specialist boutique or in a supermarket, or both? Or online? Or direct, through catalogue? Will open the   store Ballantynes   at   23/   Cashel Street Christchurch besides, that I will also make the product available online = in about nine languages in order to reach all its target segments from different nationalities. Through the website, customers can book their orders, check the latest offers. Task 6 Plan of monitoring and mechanisms: Feedback through Questionnaires: The feedback of customers is so important because feedback decided the sales or popularity of the product. So, I will do survey about our product in open market and will collect feedback from existing customers. This will have few questions which they will answer and it will help me to know what they think about our product, what are their future expectations and why they give priority to it in the market? We can send questionnaires to our customers through email also. Their positive feedback will be success of our marketing plan. Sale Trend through financial Information: I will also keep check on my financial information whether the business is in profit or loss. If my sale is going up it means my marketing plan is working and I can achieve my objectives. I will check all the reports once in the month to be updated. Market Research eye on my competitors will help me to understand what is market trend or demand in the market and availability of respective products. If my product is fulfilling the need and is having advantage on competitors it means my marketing plan will work and I can attract more customers. Ballantynes. (n.d). History. Retrieved March 21, 2017, from https://www.ballantynes.co.nz: https://www.ballantynes.co.nz/history statistics New Zealand. (n.d, n.d). Youth Population is ethnically diverse. Retrieved March 26, 2017, from www2.stats.govt.nz: http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/nzstories.nsf/fb471f7feb8c8d5fcc256af1000fa1c1/a9f90227a3017a3ccc256b17007aaef3

Reflective Essay on College Writing -- Reflective Essay

Reflective Essay on College Writing This semester was my very first semester as a college student. Being the first, it was probably the semester I would learn the most in. I learned the expectations for writing that I will have to live up to for the next four years of my college career. Though my high school teachers were usually demanding because I was in the Honors English section throughout high school, writing in college has still ?raised the bar? for me. Also, in high school, we would have weeks to pick a topic, create a thesis, outline the paper, write the paper, and then revise the paper. In college, the time restraints are not quite as lenient. I?ve had to learn to manage my time and be more productive with what free moments I have. Strangely enough, I?ve found the college English experience to be much more rewarding and enjoyable than in high school. Academically, I have learned many new ways to look at literature. My high school teachers did not expose us to many literary theories or how to apply them. Indeed, we learned about romanticism, realism, transcendentalism, etc. but never really related them to our writing. Most of the writing we did was simply based upon our own opinions. We hardly ever used secondary sources. I believe that deconstructionist theory was the most helpful theory I learned this year for analyzing literature. Breaking a poem up line by line or image by image or even a story into small sections made it a lot easier to grasp the main concepts of the work. Most of the time during this semester, however, I took a formalist point of view. Also, unlike high school, the reading was much more entertaining. In high school, I really enjoyed very few of the texts that were discussed in class. In... ...d myself having in high school. I still tend to be a little too wordy at times, I misplace commas, and I still forget how to properly cite my research sources every now and them. I think I have become a little more meticulous about looking over my papers, however. I make fewer careless mistakes and take more time writing my papers than I did in high school. My points of view are clearer, and I have not been using commas incorrectly quite as often. I hope to continue to improve in the next few years of college as well. I haven?t received an ?A? on a paper yet, so my goal for the next few years of college is to eventually be able to consistently produce papers worthy of ?As.? I would also like to apply my writing more in school by possibly writing for New Morning in the future. I think Introduction to Literature has had a positive impact overall upon my literary skills.

IRAC Assignment Essay

Li will attempt to prove she was the victim of intentional torts by her teacher Mr. Billups. At school, Li was placed in a cage for the day to reenact how Americans reacted to the events of Pearl Harbor. Li will accuse Mr. Billups of intentional infliction of emotional distress and false imprisonment. Being placed in a cage for the day will be considered an unreasonable amount of time, and being put in the cage with the other foreign born students from her class will show emotional distress. Negligence Li will attempt to prove the four elements of negligence against Mr. Billups for his previously stated actions. The elements required are duty of care, failure to protect from harm, cause of the harm, and damages, which in this case are psychological and physical. After review of the actions taken by Mr. Billups, it seems Li will be able to show the four elements required for negligence. Li’s Parents Respondeat Superior/Scienter Li’s parents will attempt to attach liability to the school district which employs Mr. Billups, claiming respondeat superior. Li’s parents will claim that Mr. Billups’ inappropriate and harmful actions were performed within the course and scope of his employment at the school, therefore leaving the district which employs him partially responsible or at fault. As Mr. Billups’ employer, the school district had every opportunity to put an end to the gross reenactments of events in American history which have taken place in Mr. Billups’ class even before the most recent incident involving Li. In addition, scienter can be applied by Li’s parents because at the very least, the principal of the school should have known about Mr. Billups’ demeaning antics. Mr. Billups Tort Defenses Mr. Billups will attempt to use tort defenses including assumption of risk, superseding/intervening cause, and contributory negligence. By sending their child to school, Li’s parents assumed the risk of their child participating in educational activities in history class. The school district is partially to blame as well because they must have heard/known  about the practices Mr. Billups uses to teach his students. In addition, Li and the other foreign students contributed to their own negligence by attending Mr. Billups class and agreeing to be put in a cage in class. Scienter Li’s parents, Li herself, and the school district all should have known of the reenactments performed in Mr. Billups class, proving scienter. School District Respondeat Superior The school district which employs Mr. Billups will claim the frolic and detour defense to respondeat superior. Their claim will be that Mr. Billups was acting outside the rules and regulations set forth by the district, and that they could not have possibly seen ahead of time the inappropriate actions Mr. Billups performed in his classroom. Conclusion: The court will use the reasonable person test and likely find for Li and her parents.

Tips for Repurposing the Content

Tips for Repurposing the Content What is repurposing content? You may not be sure about what repurposing content is, but basically, it is making use of your old content and changing it up so that it can be relevant to people that you want to target for the posts. This is a good thing because you do not have to make up a new content from scratch. You can be sure that you will make your new content modern and relevant to a new group of people. Here are just some of the benefits that you can get from repurposing your content: You can make your favorite topic the latest thing to read again. Let us say that you have written about something that you are extremely proud of, and it has already been forgotten because of the new posts that you have put up. When you tweak it a bit, it will be just like new and people will be interested in reading it again. You can maximize the effort that you have made into making the content. When you write about something, there is no doubt that you have made effort into doing it. By repurposing your content, you are maximizing the efforts that you can give out. You can target new people. There is a chance that you have already reached out to some people in the past, but you would like to reach out to a new target audience this time around. Remember that it can be easy as long as you know how to repurpose your content effectively. Now when you’ve already known the benefits that can be received from repurposing, here are some things you ought to remember in order to repurpose your content well: Choose content that is popular – The fact that it is popular means that there are a lot of people who are interested in reading about it all over again. If you repurpose this, there are better chances that your content will be read again. Repurpose the post into a guide – Nowadays people like searching for tips on how to do certain things. Making an old blog post into a guide will surely be a hit. Add videos or images – Most of us better perceive the information with visual reinforcement. We tend to understand content more when there are videos or images that are included in blog post that used to be just full of words. You can also make an Infographics to what you have written about. Create a presentatinon – Â  Make interesting grafics with statistics, add meaningful quates, seaarch for realeted pictures. Share slides with advices and interesting tips to a social networks or such sites like SlideShare. It can provide additional opportunities for engagement target audience. There are a lot of variants how to repurpose your content. The type of content will differ depending on where you are going to post it. The best way to find out how to repurpose content effectively is to experiment.

DVD Recorder Comparison essays

DVD Recorder Comparison essays The decision to buy technological equipment can be a daunting experience for many people. Especially with regard to relatively new technologies, many consumers simply don't know where to start in their quest for a good piece of equipment, whatever the type. This is certainly the case with DVD recorders, which can be complex in design, capability, In specific, the three DVD recorders that will be discussed here include the Sony RDR-GX7, the Philips DVDR75, and the Panasonic DMR_E50S. These three models were chosen both for their relative popularity in sales, as well as their relative accessibility. According to the Web site, Deal Closet, the Sony RDR-GX7 is an excellent DVD recorder. Although it is expensive, compared to the others discussed here, the Sony allows for the different writing formats, DVD+RW, as well as DVD-R. As far as innovation goes, the Sony RDR-GX7 DVD recorder is "the world's first standalone, dual-RW (DVD-R/-RW and DVD+R/+RW) home DVD player/recorder" (Amazon.com), and boasts its powerful flexibility in its ability to both record and view media from or for other machines. Its format versatility gives you nearly complete recording and viewing freedomthe flexibility to create or view optical media for or from most computer DVD recorders. Further, the machine can accommodate the recordable optical formats required by any of your friends and family, regardless of their DVD players (though some older players do not play In general, the Sony-GX7 is extremely user friendly, and its operation is smooth and predictable. Additionally, the Sony's ability to record in both formats is particularly useful, especially because in order to play the recorded DVD's on other equipment, most DVD's currently need to be recorded as a DVD-R. Further, although the model is versatile, the reviewers at Deal Closet found that when one uses it to record music ...

South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

South Africa - Essay Example It is important to note that 1948 was an election year whereby there were two major parties competing; i.e. the National Party and the United Party (Worger, 2004). The United Party on one hand had a soft stand on apartheid as it tended to lean towards integration of all communities and races, which was believed to be unavoidable. To the majority whites, this meant that all South Africans would therefore enjoy equal rights under the leadership of the party and therefore, there were fears among the whites that the non whites would increase competition in the job market especially if they were allowed to migrate to the urban centers, which would have also meant that the cost of labor in the industries would have gone up as the whites utilized cheap labor from the non whites. The National party on the other hand utilized this fear and came up with a pro-apartheid policy which it vowed to establish once it was elected into power and which saw its winning the elections and therefore produc ing the first prime minister under the apartheid regime (Thompson, 2001). The events that followed can only be termed as the worst historical injustices in the history of South Africa.

Taking shareholder rights seriously. ( Australia Enterprise Law) Research Paper

Taking shareholder rights seriously. ( Australia Enterprise Law) - Research Paper Example The Australian government, judiciary and executive authorities have contributed significantly to rectify the situation earlier prevailed, to ensure protection of the interests the minority shareholders over the period of time. The paper seeks to study the gaps at the legislation as well as implementation level in transforming these policy decisions to the fulfillment of the objectives desired or intended in line with the spirit behind the process, taking into consideration, the complications involved in social background and the interpretations. The issues connected with the shareholders are multifarious and are interconnected or interrelated to various stakeholders’ interest in a business, and hence it becomes too difficult to enumerate the various situations which could be foreseen at the time of legislation or practicable to include in statutes, which warrants interpretations in the court of law for equitable justice to the parties concerned. Direct involvement of all the members of a company in a complicated business enterprise is not feasible in modern times. Therefore the directors of the corporations are expected to exercise their powers taking into account the interests of all the stakeholders and the other stakeholders. In Sidebottom v Kershaw, Leese & Co., the majority shareholders who were also the directors, passed a special resolution to alter the articles by allowing the directors to require the transfer at full value of shares held by an shareholder who competed with the company’s business. Minority shareholders who ran a business that competed with the company sought a declaration that the amendment was invalid. The court held that the alteration satisfied the Allen’s test in that it was taken for the company’s legitimate business interests and not for the interests of specific members.1 However in various other decisions, the treatment has differed based on the circumstances obtained in the cases. Foss v Harbottle rule is a famous

A Class Apart Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

A Class Apart - Movie Review Example Gustavo Garcia, who was a competent Mexican-American civil rights lawyer offered to represent Hernandez in the supreme court of law. Other lawyers that accompanied Garcia was; James de Anda and Chris Alderete. Garcia’s argument was that the fourteenth amendment assured protection not just on the criteria of race, blacks and Caucasians but also class. The jury selectively discriminated the Mexican-Americans on the basis of class. The state of Texas openly excluded the Hispanics on the pretext that the fourteenth amendment only sheltered the whites and blacks and that the Mexican- Americans were a section of the whites. This was not justified as most Mexican-Americans were legally isolated since for over years no Hispanic served in the jury (Prince, 2010). Earl Warren, the chief justice was compelled to make a ruling in favour of Hernandez basing on Garcia’s argument. Although it is true that Hernandez killed Joe Epinosa, this decision was bound to save the rest of the Mexican-Americans from the infamous exclusion of legal matters and widespread violation of human rights. (Prince, 2010) It is also though thiruling that the Civil rights of Mexican-Americans were

The Oil Politics Essay Example for Free

The Oil Politics Essay The controversy over oil has been raging for quite a while. It has played into the international politics and the politics of terrorism. The Middle East is the most volatile area of the world at present. Israel is viewed as a satellite of the United States located in the Arab world to represent the superpowers interests in the region. Incidentally the Middle East is a region endowed with oil, a precious commodity sought after by every government. The main occupation and foreign exchange earner for these countries is therefore oil and petroleum products with which they use as a bargaining chip in the global arena. The current fluctuation in the price of petroleum around the world is a cause of worry. Some analysts are leveling blame on the oil producing countries claiming they have deliberately raised the oil prices. On their side, the countries have refuted the allegations instead blaming the rise to private entrepreneurs who hoard the commodity with the hope that prices would increase even further. Apart from the Middle East, North Africa has got also oil deposits. Coincidentally the region is also dominated by Arabs, who have formed grouping the organization of petroleum exporting countries OPEC. As importers complain of the rising oil prices, oil exporters celebrate the economic boom as a result of the rise in prices. Their gross domestic product increases and the general standards of living appreciate. As usual with the developed world to get their hands into any opportunity presenting itself, the oil industry is attracting foreign companies into Africa to help in the exploration of oil. New exploration sites are discovered in the vast continent of Africa, especially in the north. The bedeviled state of Mauritania is so far the latest country in Africa to join the league of oil exporters after explorations proved positive results. Since Exploration costs are damn expensive but this is not a hindrance to the exercise Africa is witnessing the largest investment in the continent ever, in the oil exploration field. Since the year 1990 more than US $20 billion has been spend on explorations around the continent and a further $50 billion is expected to have been spent by the end of the decade. Dominating the oil industry are three international companies, shell, Total and Chevron. Shell is a British Dutch consortium which invested 15% of its global exploration and production budget in the continent of Africa. France-based Total and America-based Chevron has invested 30% and 35% respectively in the industry in Africa. The American oil company has planned for United States$20 billion to be invested in Africa for a five year period. The Gulf of Guinea is the most appropriate part of Africa at the moment attracting the different exploration companies. It is an area with deep waters. This area found in the Western Coast of Africa just at the â€Å"armpit† is suspected to be having large deposits of the precious commodity. Some oil has already been discovered within the coverage area of the Gulf but more is still to be discovered as exploration progresses. Other sub-Saharan countries endowed with oil albeit smaller in quantities are southern Sudan and Southern Chad both under semi desert conditions. They have been producing oil and exporting in small quantities. The explorations are however taking place to find out if more can be tapped. The East Africa margin covering Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania are among targets of explorers for oil. The United States is warming up to reap from the harvest of oil and petroleum products from Africa. The country has been watching Africa from a distant making its calculations on how to have the continents oil. Discoveries in Africa increased making headlines in the last decade. The United States predicted an increase of its oil sourced from Africa by 10% from 16% to 25% by the 2015 the year when the United Nations’ millennium Development Goals are expected to have been achieved. In a report released in December of 2000 the United States National Intelligence Council predicted sub-Saharan Africa’s raise to prominence in the global energy markets. The council is a consultant for the central Intelligence Agency. If the predications come true, then the continent would be ahead of Saudi Arabia in terms of oil export to the United States. In close relation to this, the United States Vice President Dick Cheney formed a taskforce to compile a strategic report on oil. The report finalized by stating that West Africa will soon be among the fastest growing sources in the world in production of oil and gas for the United States (Basedau) As stated earlier, the United States receives around 16% of its oil from Africa a figure is expected to increase to 25% in 2015. at the current consumption rate the United States feels there is due need to increase oil energy inputs. This, the National Security strategy notes will be achieved by the United States strengthening its ties with the continent. In an effort for the United States achieving its dream it plans to invest in democracy crusades to strengthen the political systems in prospective source countries of oil. This is time as some of the target areas are marred by violence a situation that may make it difficult for exploration and transportation of oil. Examples in this case are Nigeria, a country rocked by a rebellion in the Niger Delta where oil is mined. The rebellion is led by people complaining of unfairness in the way resources are distributed. Chad is also facing the same problem with so many attempted coups, necessitating intervention by France to bring order and due process. Southern Sudan is equally bedeviled by the political instability problems. Of late, the Southern Sudanese leader Omar Hassan El Bashir has been recommended for arrest by the international criminal court prosecutor Moreno Ocampo for committing acts of genocide among other crimes against humanity. The fact that oil is in Southern Sudan a section that is demanding its independence from the mainland is a sign of worse times to come. This explains why the United States is busy pushing for a democratic regime in the region. On the 17th of May 2001 President Bush remarked on the importance of diversifying the source of energy used. He mentioned that overdependence on one source may result into a rude shock subjecting the United States to blackmail, supply interruptions and price shocks. The alternative available then remains to search for other sources west cost of Africa being in the list. Other areas are Latin America and the Caspian Sea basin (Klare, 2004). In Africa therefore, United States is planning for Nigeria, Angola and the states within the Gulf of Guinea. However the greatest hindrance for the United States would be as mentioned earlier, the political and ethnic tensions in the oil producing countries. The Delta region in Nigeria had the United States and other explores sent packing in 2003 due to the ethnic animosities and demands for more community project funding. The site produces much of onshore oil in Nigeria. The demands of these groups brought about massive vandalism of oil exploration sites causing a downsizing of Nigeria’s oil production instead of increasing. In its commitment to tap oil from Africa, the United States has therefore opted to give military assistance to friendly regimes to help them fight the menace of the cartels and armed groups blackmailing the government. Nigeria and Angola received United States assistance totaling to three hundred million American dollars from 2002 to 2004. The Excess Defense Articles program of the Pentagon also advanced eligibility to the two countries to receive surplus arms for the same reason. The United States has also been considering establishing naval bases especially in Nigeria and the Sao, Tome and Principe Islands. Currently the United States is supplied with oil from various countries with the highest supplier being Canada. Mexico and Saudi Arabia follow in the list in that order with Venezuela and the African country of Nigeria closing the top five list. Five to eight percent of 20 million barrels total United States demand per day is what each of these countries supply to the United States. An analysis of the 2005 oil supply to the United States puts Latin America highest at 34% of the total imports to the United States. The Middle East comes second supplying 24% while Africa supplied 19%. Canada stood at 16% and lastly Europe and Asia exported seven percent to the United States (Kern 2006). Africa’s oil is advantageous for its lack of sulphur thus making it preferable for stringent refined product requirements. It gives it a growing share in the market for refining centers in the United States. It is estimated that the Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS, holds 3% of the total oil reserves globally. This is to the environs of 40 billion barrels, in the West African region alone (Kern 2006). The figures provided are conservative as the total estimates proven or otherwise may be more by four percent- that is 7%. West Africa countries the Bush Administration is targeting include- and the order remains arbitrary- Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Chad, Nigeria, Gabon and Congo. The fifth largest supplier of oil to the United States, Nigeria is the largest producer in Africa with a daily pumping of 2 million barrels. The figures also represent the quantity produced per day by Iraq before it was unilaterally invaded by the United States in March 2003. Being a member of the international cartel- the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- Nigeria has to go by the policies and standards set by this grouping. They include limiting production to a certain level subject to the world market conditions. Due to a weak political system, Nigeria, with a population in excess of 130 million people is wallowing in the miasma of corruption and bad governance. Its annual per capita income reduced substantially from US $1000 to a mere $390 in 2006 with most of the proceeds from oil finding its way into individual’s pockets. The continent’s most populous nation earned more than US $300 in 25 years to 2006 but the revenue was shared among the bourgeoisie and the political elite. Only 1% of the population benefit effectively from 80% of the oil proceeds according to the World Bank (Kern 2006). In its recommendation, a 2005 report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies pointed out that America should prioritize explicitly the security and governance issue in the Gulf of Guinea in its foreign policy towards the continent. Titled â€Å"A Strategic US Approach to Governance and Security in the Gulf of Guinea† the report called for a promulgation of a robust and comprehensive policy for the West African region (Kerk 2006). As a matter of strategy the United States is considering softer military interventions in the continent. Through the Pentagon’s Trans-Saharan Counter-Terrorism Initiative, the United States provides military training to some nine African countries on ways of dealing with terrorism and on how to effect regional security. The US is further planning on establishing military bases in some African countries bordering the ocean for strategic reasons. Nigeria The damning story is the bloodshed and the hostage taking in Nigeria in Ogoniland. Hostage taking of foreigners is a way of life with the perpetrators demanding for resource control and access to oil money. The continent in general is a hotspot for oil, as east Africa is just about becoming the next oil boom for the continent, after the successful explorations in the west. In the East however, China would be the beneficiary due to proximity, the reason why it has its explorers in Kenya and Sudan. Nigeria is a strategic partner for the west. As the anchor for British and American foreign policies in Africa, the country has developed warm relations with the west. It is the most populous country in Africa with one out of every six Africans being a Nigerian (Ghazrinian 2007). The country has a large experienced army participating in peace-keeping missions around the world. The oil in Africa has not been used to its optimum potential. It is a bad news in some countries bringing on to the continent proxy wars of the west. China for instance gets 30% of its oil from Africa (Ghazvinian 2007). Of this 10% is from the Sudan where the Asian country has been accused of supplying ammunitions to the Sudanese Government, the ammunitions which are used to terrorize the people of Darfur in southern Sudan. The positive side of the Chinese is however, the human resource base they help build in Africa. They have participated in the development of infrastructure in Africa, as is the Angolan case where they jetted in for construction of railway line and tarmac roads with minimal conditions. Getting to the central African country of Chad, a country marred by violence and political instability. The country is in the Sahel region, twice the size of France with a 400 km-long paved road. It is among the poorest countries on earth, with the national airline having only one airplane. Ironically, the country lacks any gas station yet it produces the commodity. Its people are languishing in hell yet the country exports crude oil through Cameroon to Europe and America. The oil is traded through ExxonMobil Company. Worth mentioning also is the fact that some of these oil producing countries have the largest gaps between the poor and rich. In fact they are gulfs, not even gaps. The rich continue flourishing out of oil proceeds with the lower cadre of society languishing in abject poverty, malnutrition, diseases and low education, and living on less than a US$ a day! This then encourages prostitution as the effluent individual use the poor fellows as sex objects thus contributing to the spread of HIV/AIDS among other infections venereal diseases (Ghazvinian 2007). The oil factor is a cause of anarchy in most African countries. Democratic reforms are poised to increase with the decrease of oil revenues, as taxes would take up the position currently received for oil revenue. The regime has been neglecting the tax-paying middle class, concentrating instead on oil revenue thus neglecting social reforms. The case in Gabon is a pretty example. It is only when world oil prices fell and prospects for a decline in Gabonese oil realized that the Omar Bongo regime considered the economic reforms by the Breton Woods institutions aimed at democratization. The opposition gained a voice in governmental affairs as was a rise in civil society groups. He had to limit state allocations in 1986 after facing a rear break in the oil industry (Basedau). The presence of petrol-dollars retards people’s thinking on alternative income. Banana project, for instance, has been neglected yet it can earn handsomely to the nation and entrepreneurs in particular. Now they have left unpicked bananas as they import goodies from abroad. Sao Tome and Principe is yet another tiny African Island rocked in political instability but rich in oil resources yet to be exploited. It is facing a dilemma over how to share billions of barrels of oil reserves, offshore its territory. Anticipated are hostilities from its neighbors including the popular Nigeria. As tiny as it is, the country is so different from Africa: from its politics, society and culture. It is more European with little if any traces of African lifestyle (Ghazvinian 2007). In a 2003 speech in Washington USA, Sao, Tome and Principe President Fradique de Menez reiterated his hope and commitment that his Island would not drown into civil war, ethnic hatred and economic regression, because of oil. Oil is instead supposed to bring more development and economic satisfaction to the population (Ghazvinian). The country is however miserably poor with only high school but without any university. Half of the capital city is occupied by government officer. The national budget sums to a meager $50 million financed majorly from agriculture and fishing. Agricultural produce are coffee and cacao, putting the island in the list of the major recipients of direct aid relative to GDP as 35million is received annually in the form of international development aid. The country is not strange to armed coups. It is among the African countries who political cultures are informed by armed coups. Between 1991 and 2007, the island experienced fourteen changes of guard, with more uncertainties expected in case oil would be discovered. Nigeria is on record as having help crush an armed rebellion in Sao Tome in 2003,a clean indication of its involvement in the tiny African state.

The Operation Of British Petroleum Commerce Essay

The Operation Of British Petroleum Commerce Essay This project examines the operation of British Petroleum (BP) in the light of established international business theories. Two major aspects are considered; Globalisation strategy and corporate social responsibility ethics. Although certain failings are highlighted BP is assessed to perform optimally on both counts. A conclusion is drawn and certain recommendations with respect to the style of research are made in the final section. Report Contents The report assesses the operations of British Petroleum to establish to which degree the operations of BP are in line with related management theory. The project starts with a brief introduction on the business of BP. This sets a stage and develops a context for further discussion. The second section discusses the research method adopted in the preparation of this project. Several methods are explored and the most feasible selected as the method of choice. The third section looks at BPs operations in two respects; international trade and globalisation strategy, and corporate responsibility and ethics. The final section of the project is a conclusion that summarises the main themes highlighted in the work, noting its achievements and limitations and sets the stage for future research. At this stage some recommendations are also made. Introduction British Petroleum (BP) is a global Oil and Gas company with its headquarters in the UK. It is one of the worlds largest businesses by virtue of its revenues. On is corporate website, it terms its self as one of the worlds largest companies, providing its customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, retail services and petrochemical products for everyday items. As of its financial year end 2009, it owned 22400 service stations around the globe, it owned operations in 30 countries around the world, it employed 80,300 people in different countries, it owned 16 refineries around the world (with the biggest in Houston Texas), it produces 2.3 million barrels per day and owned oil reserves of about 18.3 Billion barrels (BP web 2010) Research Methods This project aims to assess the operations of BP. It takes into focus two major issues in global business and strategy; International trade globalisation strategy and ethics including aspects of corporate social responsibility. The management literature proposes several qualitative research methodologies (Bryman, 2004). These methodologies include; surveys, questionnaires, case studies, focus groups, experiments and interviews (Bryman, 2004). Pursuant to the aims of this project, a case study approach is employed in which I consult several documents which discuss management theory (detailed in Hill, 2009) and I examine how their application in practice basing on the case of British Petroleum. I use the BP website as a core source to derive information for this purpose. Given the lack of resources, other research methods such as interviews, questionnaires and focus groups are impractical. The next section details the operations of BP and the related theoretical underpinnings. British Petroleums globalisation strategy Globalisation refers to the current trend where the world is becoming a global village by effectively inter-knitting, national boundaries are being relaxed and countries are increasingly dependent on each other for survival. Globalisation presents significant opportunities to businesses as well as challenges. Firms that can cope with the trend enjoy larger markets, cheaper resources and therefore higher profitability. Firms that are unable to compete efficiently are faced out. As highlighted above BP is a global company with a highly acclaimed globalisation strategy. The success of this strategy could be attributed several (three main) factors as discussed below. First-mover advantage The history of BP can be traced back to the establishment of the Anglo Persian Oil Company, a subsidiary of the Burmah Oil Company in 1909. This firm explored the Persian golf for many years and was converted to the British Petroleum company after the Second World War. Scanty reports show that the firm expanded tremendously by 1960 developing its operations beyond the Persian golf into North America. Most importantly it established a significant presence in the North Sea by being the first company to find Oil in Alaska (BP web, 2010). The above indicates the length to which BP has gone to establish itself as one of the worlds biggest and most successful companies. New Trade theory suggests that first movers can benefit enormously from certain economic and strategic advantages in terms of operations. The theory argues that for those products where economies of scale are significant and represent a substantial portion of world demand, the first movers in an industry can gain a scale based cost advantage that later entrants find almost impossible to match (Hill, 2009. p 187). First mover advantage can potentially explain the structure of the Oil and Gas industry. The industry is made up of few big players and many small players in the Western world where competition is free. In other countries such as Kuwait, Saudi, Russia, China, Iraq and Qatar competition in the industry is restricted and the major oil exploiters are government owned. BP has established itself in most of the western world due to its first mover advantage. It is able to cut costs in its operations and derive benefits from economies of scale and scope. Many firms can compete effectively in Oil exploitation, exploration, extraction and refining, and therefore they turn to engage in the provision of support services such as distribution or the derivation of chemicals for other manufacturing industries. Competitive advantage Porters findings on national competitive advantage can be extended to understand why BP locates in the regions it does. BP is a global firm but has operations at varying degrees in about 30 different countries world wide (BP web, 2010). Despite operating significantly in 30 countries, its products and services are available in over 100 countries (BP web, 2010). Porters diamond asserts that the degree to which a nation is likely to achieve international success in a certain industry is a function of the combined impact of factor endowments, domestic demand conditions, related and supporting industries and domestic rivalry (Hill, 2009. p 191). Hill (2009) argues that based porters theory a profit seeking firm should localize its operations in those countries where such activities can be performed optimally. BP operates in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America and South America. In Africa, it operates in Joint Ventures with firms in Egypt, Angola and Algeria. Its choice to operate only in join ventures in this country can be explained by the political economy of these countries. These countries cannot be termed as full democracies and are often susceptible to civil crisis. Operating as a joint venture, curbs the firms risk in the event of a political crisis but allows it to enjoy the revenues to be derived from its operations. It also has a huge presence in the Southern regions of Africa but in these regions it engages more with the marketing of its solar energy concepts. This region is rich in natural resources (sunshine) but the development of energy networks is very poor. The countries in this region rely heavily on hydroelectricity which is usually not sufficient to provide for industries and households. BP also operates as joint ventures in Asia with operations in Pakistan, Vietnam, Indonesia, China, South Korea and Malaysia. It manufactures lubricants and solar panels in China and India where labour is cheap. BP does not explore petroleum in Australasia. Its operations in this region are geared towards the provision of solar energy. BP operates as a stand alone entity in much of Europe. Its operations in Russia are partly owned (joint venture) by a Russian company. It has major exploration and production facilities in Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela and Columbia. These regions are rich in natural gas and oil necessitating BPs localisation to the areas. Products Hill (2009) noted that Raymond Vernon developed the product lifecycle theory after his realisation that firms had to keep innovating in order to maintain a demand for their products and ensure growth in revenues. The theory can be used to explain the globalisation trends, innovation drive and product mix of British Petroleum. BP currently produces a wide range of energy products including oil, natural gas, wind energy, solar energy, bio fuels and petroleum based lubricants. Two decades ago, its primary product was Oil. Research and development in the industry has led to the introduction of cleaner and more sustainable forms of energy. These forms of energy are widely regarded as the future of the Oil and Gas industry. Speculators believe that at some point in time oil will be faced out as coal was faced out with the discovery of oil. BP has realised the fact that oil as a product has reached its maturity stage and its demand might diminish with the advent of new forms of energy. The firm has taken a colossal position in the new energy market by running a major portfolio of energy products representing the mix of all bespoke and innovative new forms of energy. Unlike televisions for example, Oil cannot be re-engineered and further developed. Innovation by modification is therefore difficult. BP has turned the focus on energy efficiency i.e. researching and developing ways in which energy can be saved. Instead of devising faster or stronger energy which might be impossible BP has turned the focus to the development of equipment and usage techniques that will save energy through low consumption. This encompasses innovation that fuels the demand for its products. Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility As Hill (2009) emphasized ethical issues in international business are brought about by political, legal, economic and cultural differences in between countries- what is considered normal practice in one country might be considered unethical in another (p. 124). The ethical challenge, I will argue, is significantly increased for global firms. BP for example operates in all the different continents of the world. In keeping with Hills argument ethics is relative and context dependent. In certain countries, it is ethical to employ young people. In the UK, all employees must be above the legal age of 18 to gain full employment. The legal age changes significantly between countries varying from 16 to 21. Most multi national firms deal with this challenge by devising a set of corporate values which govern their operations in all regions. BP web (2010) argues that the company is driven by four major values; progressive, responsible, innovative and performance driven. In terms of being responsible, BP asserts that We are committed to the safety and development of our people and the communities and societies in which we operate. We aim for no accidents, no harm to people and no damage to the environment. This commitment can be seen in the fact that BP reporting covers all aspects beyond financial reporting including health, safety, human rights, environment and energy. BP is at the forefront of the cleaner energy debate. It does its bit by engaging in energy saving initiatives and constantly researching on cleaner ways in which energy can be produced and delivered. It has diversified strongly into the green energy industry engaging in the production of liquefied petroleum gas, fossil fuels and renewable energy. A major part of corporate ethics that has been pervasive in the management literature in recent years is corporate social responsibility. Hill (2009) argues that multinational corporations such as BP have power that comes from their operations and their ability to move production from country to country. Considering for an instance the revenues generated by BP annually, I find that the corporations revenues is higher than the GDP of many countries. Social responsibility advocates that managers should consider more than just the economic consequences of their decisions (hill, 2009). More importantly, importance should be placed on the social consequences of decision making. The European commission defines corporate social responsibility as A concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis (EC website, 2010). It basically refers to the companys interactions with its surrounding communities and looks at how the company strives to promote development and social cohesion and participates in maintaining the environment within such communities. A firms community is a major stakeholder of the firm and thus needs to be considered. BPs financial reporting incorporates major aspects such as its social responsibility, its strive for cleaner energy, its contributions towards preserving the environment and its strive to improve sustainable extraction of energy. Communities take corporate social responsibilities seriously especially when it comes to Oil and Gas firms. This is largely as a result of the potential dangers that can arise from their operations with these communities. Recent crises have ranged from large explosions with severe casualties to major spillages with the destruction of flora and fauna. -A review of the BP 2010 Oil spill crisis BP faced a deep water horizon drilling rig explosion which killed 11 of its off shore workers and injured 17 other workers. The rig gushed out over 5 million barrels of crude oil into the Mexican Golf between April and July 2010. The spill was catastrophic and so were its effect on wild life, the fishing industry, the tourism sector and the surrounding neighbourhoods. In response to this BP set up a crisis management program. It publicly apologized for the distress it caused and undertook to foot the clean up costs. The company has currently set up a $20 Billion dollar fund to manage the after-effects of the crisis. During the crisis, BP showed effort employing several techniques to attempt to stop the leakage. It also arranged a compensation plan for those affected by the crisis. This attests to the fact that BP takes its corporate social responsibility and ethics very strongly. Hill (2009) also notes the social contributions or social investments of BP in Algeria. Hill notes that BP realised its communities in Algeria lacked clean drinking water and created two desalination plants to produce clean what for the public. To add to this, the company provided water cans to help residents transport water from plants to their homes. Conclusions Summary of findings This study has examined the operations of BP in the global context to see how certain management concepts are applied in practice. Two aspects; globalisation strategy and corporate social responsibility were reviewed. BP is found to have a sophisticated globalisation strategy which it has fortified over the years. This helps it to compete efficiently and to remain one the worlds leading corporations. Again, BP is found to have a robust stance towards corporate social responsibility and ethics. Its industry is hazardous and it is pruned to corporate disasters such as spills and explosions. BP has managed to keep these to a minimum and when they do occur, BP has taken necessary steps to manage the crisis and limit the damage Limitations This work is limited in the fact that it strongly relies on public information sources to assess the operations of BP. Several aspects could have been better scrutinized and invaluable insights drawn through other research methods such as interviews with key workers and focus groups to draw varied opinion. Due to the limitations in space (number of words) the aspects discussed can not be reviewed in greater detail. Future research Recommendations This research has examined BPs operations in light of established theory but has not confirmed if such a method of operation is optimal. It might be interesting to investigate whether the product strategy, globalisation strategy or their approach to ethics and corporate social responsibility affect their performance or contributes significantly towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. The limitations highlighted above also provide avenues for future research into the area. Several theories have been propounded in the management literature. Their understanding will only be facilitated by examining how these theories are applied in practice or by investigating the contributions of such theories to management practice. In light of this argument, this form of study is encouraged.