Privacy on Social Networks Essay -- Security Privacy Web

This essay will discuss and critically analyse whether or not existing data protection laws protect the privacy of individuals whose personal information has been disclosed on social networking sites. Over the last decade social networking sites (SNS) have increased their popularity among the people. These SNS are mySpace, facebook, twitter, bebo etc. There are various reasons of people using these sites. However, majority of SNS users are those people who use these sites for social networking e.g. chatting with friends, sharing their interests etc. These SNS users do not only have data relating to them but also the data of third parties. Many of these users do not take care of other people’s personal information, for example, they share their family and friends information with other strange people. It is not that only SNS users do not take essential care of other’s personal information, SNS themselves seems uninterested to protect personal information of its users. One should know what personal information is according to data protection directive? According to (article 2 (a)) of the data protection Directive, the information that qualifies as personal information is â€Å"Information only qualifies as personal data if it directly or indirectly relates to an identified or identifiable natural person. In order to determine whether a person is identifiable, account should be taken of all the means likely to be reasonably used either by the controller or by any other person to identify the said person (recital 26). As a result, most information that is made available on a social network (messages, photos, personal preferences, lists of friends) qualifies as personal data†. (Eecke, P V., and Truyens, M, 2010) The relationship... ...ivacy [Accessed 23/11/2010]. Michells, S (2008) Teachers’ Virtual Lives Conflict With Classroom [Online] .Available from: http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/story?id=4791295&page=1 [Accessed 01/12/2010]. King, J., N and Jessen, W, P () Computer Law & Security Review: Profiling the mobile customer – Privacy concerns whe behavioral advertisers target mobile phones. [Online]. Volume 26, Issue 5, September 2010, Pages 455-478. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VB3-5148KHG-2&_user=7302582&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=2&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235915%232010%23999739994%232448744%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5915&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=13&_acct=C000010139&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=7302582&md5=53de92f66e34be4a93c2b10f879597a0&searchtype=a [Accessed 02/12/2010]. Privacy on Social Networks Essay -- Security Privacy Web This essay will discuss and critically analyse whether or not existing data protection laws protect the privacy of individuals whose personal information has been disclosed on social networking sites. Over the last decade social networking sites (SNS) have increased their popularity among the people. These SNS are mySpace, facebook, twitter, bebo etc. There are various reasons of people using these sites. However, majority of SNS users are those people who use these sites for social networking e.g. chatting with friends, sharing their interests etc. These SNS users do not only have data relating to them but also the data of third parties. Many of these users do not take care of other people’s personal information, for example, they share their family and friends information with other strange people. It is not that only SNS users do not take essential care of other’s personal information, SNS themselves seems uninterested to protect personal information of its users. One should know what personal information is according to data protection directive? According to (article 2 (a)) of the data protection Directive, the information that qualifies as personal information is â€Å"Information only qualifies as personal data if it directly or indirectly relates to an identified or identifiable natural person. In order to determine whether a person is identifiable, account should be taken of all the means likely to be reasonably used either by the controller or by any other person to identify the said person (recital 26). As a result, most information that is made available on a social network (messages, photos, personal preferences, lists of friends) qualifies as personal data†. (Eecke, P V., and Truyens, M, 2010) The relationship... ...ivacy [Accessed 23/11/2010]. Michells, S (2008) Teachers’ Virtual Lives Conflict With Classroom [Online] .Available from: http://abcnews.go.com/TheLaw/story?id=4791295&page=1 [Accessed 01/12/2010]. King, J., N and Jessen, W, P () Computer Law & Security Review: Profiling the mobile customer – Privacy concerns whe behavioral advertisers target mobile phones. [Online]. Volume 26, Issue 5, September 2010, Pages 455-478. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VB3-5148KHG-2&_user=7302582&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=2&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info%28%23toc%235915%232010%23999739994%232448744%23FLA%23display%23Volume%29&_cdi=5915&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=13&_acct=C000010139&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=7302582&md5=53de92f66e34be4a93c2b10f879597a0&searchtype=a [Accessed 02/12/2010].

From a Chinese Perspective

Contemporary Art in China unravels as a budding butterfly out of its cocoon. Years of militant ruling and the imposition of state-centered concepts made contemporary art mundane and stagnant. At the onset of globalization, modern artists from China found more room to wiggle as they begin to showcase their talents in a more matured Chinese setting. Unable to resist the pressures of globalization, Chinese modern art has slowly opened up to the challenge set by global competitors as it hones its craft into the local and international scene with a distinctive Chinese mark. This new found freedom has resulted in emboldening Chinese artists to meld different mediums and points of view into their artwork, creating a time capsule that pays homage to the past and elucidates the future. Most of the world renowned Chinese artists such as Zhang Xiaogang, Zhang Huan, Ai Weiwei and Liu Xiaodong have made themselves visible because of their unique perspectives about Chinese life and I do not think that their creative impact would have been grand if it did not involve a disturbing quality, especially a distorted one. The function of these artists was not merely to beautify the tedious surroundings of modern China but to diversify its angle on Chinese culture, unfettered from the shackles of its restrictive past. In this respect, I believe that the responsibility of the contemporary artist lies in creating ripples within their immediate environment. I also deem that contemporary artists also have the opportunity to make use of modern tools in order to produce an artwork that is relevant in today’s society of technological advancement and multiculturalism. I have had the prospect of visiting the Museum of Contemporary Art in Shanghai recently wherein the current theme was â€Å"Couples in Contemporary Art†. It featured the artworks of 15 coupled artists in celebration of their varied outlook on gender and power relations between sexes. The artworks exhibited the use of different materials and mediums such as acrylic on canvas, watercolor on marble, bronze and stainless steel sculptures, ceramic and mineral color on silk among other things. I was specifically entranced by the works of the couple Chen Xioadan and Yang Jianping as they used bones and Silica gel for their artworks. It was the first time I had ever seen an exhibition wherein couples were involved so it was very interesting to see the polarities in their viewpoints. Another art showcase that I am very fond of is the selected paintings of Zhang Xiaogang in Charles Saatchi’s gallery. Although I have not been to London, I have seen some of his paintings online and in magazines and I believe his artworks depict our cultural past in its barest form. His paintings merge Asian and European techniques through his use of surrealism and portrait like images of the Chinese family. These artworks incorporate the aesthetics of traditional Chinese charcoal drawings, which give off hues of grey, black and white. A likeness to old photo studio shots, it illustrates the continuous link of the past to the present. The paintings demonstrate a timeless appeal that places emphasis on genealogical roots as each character is a mirror image of another, distinguished only by certain features or marks. The occasional interruption of such marks and colors indicate a focal viewpoint that Zhang had intended for the observer to ponder. The dream-like distortions of Zhang’s paintings signify a complex psychological dimension of Chinese culture in the past, as can be observed in the way the body parts were portrayed such as characters with big heads and eyes and small arms. These suggest narrative readings about personality and a claustrophobic sense of self as images distort the cultured past. Learning about Zhang’s artworks being patronized by people all over the world made me realize how China has matured in order to allow artists like Zhang to represent the country in the world of art. If it were not for globalization, many creative talents from China would still be bottled up in a trend of conformity. Outside influences has greatly affected the crafting of contemporary art in China, which has placed Chinese artists at par with their foreign counterparts. This is why I believe that being exposed to an environment where diversity of culture is encouraged and established among daily interactions could bolster the creative identity of an artist. Constructing art and interpreting its parameters establishes a concrete notion of the abstract realm. As an artist seeking approval from his or her peers, I regard that such activities that expand one’s knowledge would also be culturally beneficial since I would be able to acculturate myself to the modern ways of western thinking and at the same time, impart my Chinese heritage to the fellow artists that I come into contact with. I trust that the network of people that will cross my path would also be able to contribute in strengthening cordial relations between the Chinese and the Americans. I believe that change is important for the growth of an individual artist as that is how creative identity is isolated and constructed. It would be interesting to see and learn from the different viewpoints and techniques of other artists, as well as the opportunity to handle challenges found in a multicultural setting. Such experiences will surely create an impression on my worldview as a Chinese and as a budding artist.

Black Males And Juvenile Criminal Justice System - 837 Words

It has been proven across this country that the ratio of minorities to whites in jails and prisons is overwhelming. In 2010, African-American males were 6 times more likely than white males to be in jails and prisons as there were 678 white male inmates per 100,000 and 4,347 black male males per 100,000 locked away (Drake, 2013). This is up from 1960, when black males were 5 times more likely to be incarcerated (Drake, 2013). The ratio in the juvenile criminal justice system is not any better as in 2011, â€Å"African-American youths were 160% more likely to have been referred to juvenile court for a delinquent offense, 13% more likely to have been petitioned for formal case processing, 8% less likely to have been adjudicated, and 11% more likely to have had their petitioned cases waived to the adult system for criminal prosecution† (Howell Hutto, 2012). These high ratios have caused a blame game across this country. Why is there such a disparity? Samuel Walker, a crimina l justice scholar, has identified four reasons that minorities receive harsher outcomes. â€Å"First differences in sentence severity could be explained by African Americans and Hispanics committing more serious crimes, and having more serious criminal histories, than Whites. Second, the differences could be explained through economic discrimination, with poor defendants (typical minorities) receiving differential treatment in the courts, for instance, in that they are typically unable to secureShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Juvenile Justice System1248 Words   |  5 PagesObservers had indeed noted that black defendants get more severe sentencing than white defendants do (Spohn, 1981). For many years’ social scientist has examined this theory and came up with three explanations, racial discrimination, Wealth discrimination, and legal factors (Sellin, 1928). These three explanations all direct back to blacks because blacks are more likely to be poor, so they ar e wealth discriminated. Also, legal factors point to blacks because black defendants are more likely to haveRead More85% More Times That Whites. They Are Only 14% Of The Drug1399 Words   |  6 Pagestimes higher to be stopped and searched than whites (Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). When it comes down to it all minorities have disadvantages when it comes to equality in our justice system? Religious discrimination against muslim americans is increasing at a rapid pace. Studies have shown that race plays a major factor in the severity of a punishment. For example Dylan Roof, a white male that slaughtered nine african american church attendees in cold blood in CharlestonRead MoreMinorities and Women in Criminal Justice1064 Words   |  5 Pageswomen in the criminal justice system . Sexism still exists in the United States. Sexism against women is shown in the media and indicates that sexism still pervades in our society. Another key issue is the overrepresentation and disparities among minorities in the criminal justice system. After the act of September 11, racial profiling and other acts of racial hate crimes suggests that racism occurs. Another key issue that indicates that racial disparities occur in the criminal justice system is the overrepresentationRead MoreCriminal Justice And The Juvenile Justice System1689 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Criminal Justi ce Criminal Justice is such a broad subject and workforce. At this point in time criminal justice is needed more than ever in America and the world as we know it today. The criminal justice system has improved more and more throughout history by changing something as simple as law enforcement officer’s purpose and who they are taking orders from. The objective of this analysis is to break down these three criminal justice subjects: the juvenile justice system, prison lifeRead MoreJuvenile Crime Statistics Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Crime Statistics William Scott Bennett CJA/374 September 24, 2012 LeDetra C. Jones Juvenile Arrests 2008 Data is collected by law enforcement agencies within the United States and submitted to the Federal Bureau of Investigations for tracking purposes. These numbers are used by analysts at the FBI to indicate trends in crime and to possibly develop alternative policing methods. A statistician can manipulate numbers to show what they feel is relevant, but aside fromRead MoreMothers Reclaiming Our Children ( Roc )1529 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolves criminal justice system. The organization began its operations in the year 1992 in Los Angeles County with the stakeholders being few mothers amongst other men being led by the president Barbara Meredith (Afary, 2009). There is evidence in the communities about the risks that individuals go through especially in the comparison between the blacks and the whites in the United States of America. The black men have their chances limited or adversely affected exclusively in relation to criminal activitiesRead MoreMinority Minorities And The Juven ile Justice System900 Words   |  4 PagesDisproportionate Minority Contact Minority children are exposed to the juvenile justice system at a higher percentage than their white peers. Minority children are over represented at every level of the judicial process. Minority children are more likely to be charged, detained, and confined. The proportion of minorities increases as each level becomes more restrictive. Research also indicates that minority children receive harsher treatment than Caucasian children do. Minority children are moreRead MoreImpact Of Incarceration Of Young Offenders1744 Words   |  7 Pages In the United States of America, children are being incarcerated yearly standing from criminal activity. â€Å"On a single day in 2010, more than 70,000 youth were confined in US juvenile-justice facilities—1,563 of these were in New England. The rate at which the United States incarcerates young people overshadows that of any other developed nation†(Salsich, 2013). The United States justice system has a tremendous amount of y outh who are confined within different facilities throughout the UnitedRead MoreA New Perspective Towards The Justice System1583 Words   |  7 Pages Final Assignment Over the course of the semester I have developed a new perspective towards the justice system. Prior to taking the Juvenile Delinquency course I did not know much in detail about the negative effects of the juvenile justice system on youths. Personally, I thought the juvenile justice system was created to educate youths in order to prevent them from getting involved in more crimes and to lead them to have better outcomes in the future by giving them resources they may have notRead MoreBad Kids Race And The Transformation Of Juvenile Court1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn Bad Kids Race and the Transformation of Juvenile Court, Barry Feld provides a history as well as possible solutions to the problems that currently have a grapple hold on our juvenile justice system. Barry Feld is one of the nations most respected scholars of juvenile justice and currently teaches the subject, amongst other things, at the University of Minnesota. Feld himself graduated from law school at the University of Minnesota and later received his Ph.D. in sociology from Harvard. This book’s

Mvp by Clare Mishica - 777 Words

Jealousy is the key factor that pushes us to do better or it can overpower our thinking abilities because we want to be the best, so we don’t think about how it can affect the people around us. This is exactly what happens in the story, â€Å"MVP,† by Clare Mishica. Derek wants to be the most valuable player on his basketball team instead of Cole so much that he forgets to be a team player. When Cole gets hurt, Derek realizes how much more important the trophy and being a part of the team is than getting MVP. Teamwork is always more efficient than trying to achieve something individually because a person can do very little alone, but together we can accomplish a lot. The saying, â€Å"Two heads are better than one,† goes along with this perfectly.†¦show more content†¦People tend to want something so much with reckless abandon that when they receive it, they find out it doesn’t hold the same value anymore and has lost its appeal. Throughout the ga me even when he was hurt, Cole was only thinking about how he could help his team win and he didn’t care one bit about how popular he was or how close he was to getting MVP. He is the perfect example of teamwork and sportsmanship. Teamwork is the answer to accomplishing a task because it doesn’t matter

Poetry and Love - 863 Words

Rhetorical Analysis of Love Poems The two poems â€Å"Magic of Love† by Helen Farries and â€Å"Love Poem† by John Frederick Nims are both poems with the central theme of love. The ways that these two authors express this theme differ significantly from each other and show two spectrums of love in literature. Through their use of syntax, diction, rhyme, and meter, these poets portray love in a unique and personal manner that illicit specific emotions from the reader for a variety of possible reasons, which will be analyzed in this essay. The poem by Helen Farries, â€Å"Magic of Love†, immediately has a light-hearted tone due to the positive choice in diction, the third word of the entire poem being â€Å"wonderful† which strongly backs up the happy mood.†¦show more content†¦Even in assuming the general audience is receptive of the idea that love is something to be cherished and celebrated, the over-done quality of the piece makes for a saturated expression and exasperates every possible whimsical quality of the subject with blatant terms. Unlike this, however, is Nims’ poem plainly titled â€Å"Love Poem†. This work is on the entirely other end of the spectrum from Farries’ poem with its calm overtones and meaningful words used to express a more profound and realistic view of how love can be cherished and celebrated. Nims shows a better understanding of literary devices as he uses many to his advantage in order to express a complicated and profound view of an intimate and outreaching love. His subject, the one that embodies and is subjected to his theme of love, is loved by many and perhaps even all as she could be the personification of love itself. Her destructive and chaotic presence leaves traces on everyone’s lives yet they see through the bad qualities to find the true essence of what it means to love and be loved, cherishing the good despite the bad. Though her touch is careless and her actions are clumsy and hardly thought out, she means well and only wants those around her to be happy; this shows a balance in life and love that keeps people in an overall stable existence with each other. This is further supported withShow MoreRelatedPoetry Of Love Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry is a form of literature which can be characterized by rhythm. Poetry may be short or may be long. There is no limit to themes that a poet may use for their poem. A poem can be about animals, nature, and a common theme, love. The two poems that will be discussed in the pap er have a common theme of love. While one poem speaks of love for a woman, the other explains what love is in general. Theses two poems are When You Are Old by William Butler Yeats, and Let Me Not to the Marriage of TrueRead MorePoetry : Theme Of Love1638 Words   |  7 PagesLove in Poetry Studying the theme of love in poetry can help a relationship to move from one level to another. Poems express love in unique ways that draws the attention of both the poet and the recipient to focus and express love in powerful ways. The choice of words and phrases used in poems can provide the insight lovers needs to keep their love strong and live for as long as possible (Literary Devices, 2015). Sometimes love fades because people take each other for granted and forget expressingRead MoreThe Theme of Love in Poetry1916 Words   |  8 PagesThe Theme of Love in Poetry Love is a very common theme in poetry. By closely examining the ways in which two poets(one must be pre 1900) have explored this theme. Show what you have found to be similar/different in their handling of this theme. Many people have different views on love. Many of these views throughout the ages are explored through poetry as love has much contemporary relevance in todays society as it ever did before. Two love poems I read whichRead More Love in Poetry Essay3954 Words   |  16 PagesLove in Poetry There are endless ways in which love can be portrayed and occur. There are numerous types of love, whether its physical, emotional or romantic love. I intend to expand upon and highlight the various ways in which love an loss is portrayed in 5 selected poems: John Clares First Love, John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci, Robert Browning My Last Duchess and Christina Rossettis two poems Birthday and Remember. All of the poets portray love the concept of love orRead More Love in Poetry Essay1997 Words   |  8 PagesLove in Poetry â€Å"The course of true love never did run smoothly,† (William Shakespeare.) How far do you think the three poems you have read conform to this view? Throughout history love has been a favoured theme with many poets in their writing. Carol Ann Duffy, (born 1958) tackles the issue of love in her poem â€Å"Valentine,† as does Percy Bysshe Shelly (1792-1822) in the poem â€Å"Love’s Philosophy,† and finally Robert Burns (1759-1796) considers the topic in â€Å"A Red Red Rose.† As differentRead MoreMy Hate And Love Of Poetry1201 Words   |  5 PagesFrom My Hate To Love of Poetry I hated poetry, loathed it even. Until eighth grade I hated writing, reading, or even listening to poetry. Something about it was remarkably confusing and annoying. Anyone that knows me would most likely think I would enjoy poetry. I am a extremely slow reader, so the fact that poetry is almost always short and easy to read would make people think it is something I would appreciate. The problem with poetry was constantly not having any idea what the author was tryingRead MoreEssay on An Exploration of Love Poetry1691 Words   |  7 PagesAn Exploration of Love Poetry Coursework Poetry is an idiosyncratic way of a person trying to articulate their feelings or other in a different way about a variety of topics, love, past experiences, politics etc. With the use of metaphors and similes, one can show diverse things without having to be precise about them. Not just words can tell us about the poem, a lot of the time we can learn how the poet is trying to express themselves, by looking at the sentenceRead MoreJohn Donne Love Poetry1442 Words   |  6 Pageslies is that, in poetry, all facts and all beliefs cease to be true or false and become interesting possibilities†¦It may not, perhaps, be absolutely necessary that he believe it, but it is certainly necessary that his emotions be deeply involved, and this they can never be unless, as a man, he takes it more seriously than as a mere poetic convenience.† It is Donne’s sensibility and his personal experiences which are revealed with a vibrancy of language in his love and religious poetry that make himRead MoreEssay on Love and Metaphysical Poetry1635 Words   |  7 PagesMetaphysical poetry. Poetry that enables its audience to take a journey with the poet throughout life’s battles, luxuries and treasures, is simply a phenomenon. Today, we are very lucky to have the luxury of many metaphysical poems; however, today we will be exploring just two. These being A Valediction Forbidding Mourning and To His Coy Mistress. Both poems possess different themes and features that will be compared and contrasted throughout, however, are connected through the discourse of love. TheRead MoreEssay on Comparing Love Poetry602 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Love Poetry In this assignment I am going compare and contrast two poems, A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns and Lucy Poems by William Wordsworth. In this assignment I am also going to discuss, how each poet uses language, how they portray the theme of love, the tradition and culture of each poet and my own personal response to these poems. Robert Burns was born in 1759, in Alloway in Ayrshire in Scotland. Burns father was a poor tenant - farmer but he

The Advantages of City Life Free Essays

Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages of City Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Advantages of City Life There are undeniable advantages to both life in a big city and in a small town. The former offers more excitement and convenience while the latter offers a cleaner, quieter and often friendlier place to live.However, despite the advantages of small town life, I prefer to live in a big city for several reasons. First, life in the city is more convenient. More goods are available and stores are open later. Also, there is better public transportation so it is easier to get around. I can find almost anything I want easily in the city. Second, there are more ways to spend leisure time in the city. There are many places I can go to meet friends and have fun.Finally, and most importantly, the city offers more educational and career opportunities. The city often attracts the best teachers and the best companies. There is also a wider choice of jobs so it is easier to move up the career ladder. For all of these reasons, I prefer to live in the city. Although I sometimes miss the fresh air and quiet life of a small town, nothing can make up for the opportunities that the city offers me. If one wants to be successful, I believe the best place to live is the city. How to cite The Advantages of City Life, Papers

Risk Management Issues In Project Planning

Question: Discuss about theRisk Management Issues In Project Planning. Answer: Project Context In recent times with rapidly changing business environment, project management has gained importance in every organization whether small, medium or large (Atkinson et al., 2006). This is mainly because of the benefits reaped from successful project management. Project Management proves to be beneficial for the business organizations to achieve maximum return by using minimum resources i.e. it helps in achieving cost efficiency and enhances the productivity of the employees by driving them towards working in a team (Larson Gray, 2011). In the present competitive business environment, an organization can succeed only if it adopts creativity and innovation and both these aspects are ensured by project management (Shenhar Dvir, 2007). Project management helps in completing the work systematically since in project management, everything is done in a proper sequence starting from setting of the goals and objectives to implementation of strategies for successful achievement of the project goals (Meredith Mantel, 2011). Thus Project Management has emerged as an attractive profession. Moreover, project Management has emerged as one of the prestigious professions in competitive market and this is because project management is more challenging and it enhances the learning of the individuals exponentially and acquiring experience by solving critical issues pertaining to the various requirements of different projects (Crawford et al., 2006). An individual who recognizes himself as a good problem solver and is ready to take the challenges upfront then, the profession of Project Management is best suitable for him or her (Meredith et al., 2013). Moreover, the Project Management as a profession demands good attitude towards work, good level acceptability and huge patience (Madter et al., 2012). In addition, it is also the fact that overall money matters and Project Management as a profession fetches an individual with starting remuneration between S20,000 to $35,000 on the basis of the industry norms. So, with respect to earnings an individual as a Project Manager can fi nd himself on good edge that can solve all his financial requirements and it also provides individual with the opportunity of leading a lavish life and various other benefits (Holzle, 2010). In order to become a professional Project Manager, it becomes important on the part of the individual to exhibit a broad a range of talents to bring teams together and assist the organization in reaching its goals. Thus there are various skills and knowledge required to become a professional Project Manager: Vision A professional project manager should possess a clear vision of where to go and the ability to articulate the same. Communication Professional Project Manager should possess effective communication skills to communicate the goals, performance, responsibility, feedback and expectations. He should also possess the desired negotiation and persuasive skills to ensure the success of the team (Brill et al., 2006). Integrity A professional Project Manager is responsible for setting ethical standards for the team and thus he should be characterized with honesty, loyalty and integrity. Enthusiasm and Passion The Project Manager should possess a can do attitude. He should be enthusiastic to remain committed to the goals and express the commitment through optimism (Thomas Mengel, 2008). Empathy and Compassion Project Manager should understand that team members have life outside the workplace and the individuals are not machines without emotions. So, considering these aspects, he would be able to develop personal relationship with the team members necessary for achieving better results (McManus, 2006). Competence The Project Manager should be competent in context to both the soft skills and technical skills. He should possess the ability to challenge, lead inspire, enable, model and encourage the team members. Moreover, he should also be aware of the technical know of the details of the project he or she is handling. Delegation The Project Manager should possess the ability to delegate and so he should be able recognize the expertise and skills of the team members and assign the tasks accordingly. Composure It is important for the Project Manager to remain composed and maintain his cool irrespective of the level of pressure. Team Building The Project Manager should be a good team builder and he should be able to maintain a sense of team spirit despite of the problems in project execution. Problem Solving The Project Manager should possess the ability of solving problems, may it be with the team or with the project itself. This would help in developing a sense of trust among the team members that the Project Manager can solve their problems (Middlewood and Abbott, 2012). However, Project Manager should involve the team in problem solving. Risk Management The skills required by the Professional Project Manager have undergone significant changes over the years. The technological advancements have led to increased uncertainty and thus risks associated with the project cannot be controlled by developing detailed project plans (Ferraro, 2008). Thus a successful Project manager emphasizes upon learning to adapt to the changes rather than making attempts to eliminate the risks. Project Proposal Working Title: Risk Management Issues in Project Planning Background and Definition of the Issue The studies conducted by (De Bakker et al., 2010) has revealed that a project generals fails when the plan is not met i.e. the project exceeds the timeline, overspends the budget or underperforms expectations. So, it can be said that the project tends to fail when the plan is too optimistic i.e. when costs and actions are forced for achieving the predetermined targets and when the external events influences the project plan i.e. lack of sufficient resources, unanticipated work and extraordinary events (Olsson, 2008). So, this leads to the necessity of risk assessment techniques for obtaining more realistic estimates that can lead to more attainable plan. This helps the project to be more likely towards meeting its forecasts and avoid disappointments. Risk Management emphasizes upon disclosing the sensitivity of the project to the participants and thus ensures the fact that all the threats are fully understood (Bannerman, 2008). This in turn leads to setting the targets and contingenc ies at correct levels, negotiating the contracts with accurate understanding of the potential challenges and provide opportunities for developing the risk mitigation strategies in advance (Kendrick, 2015). So, on the basis of the above aspects, it can be said that risk and uncertainty if not managed efficiently can lead to damaging consequences and this is the reason why risk analysis and management is an important aspect in project manager for achieving success. This, in turn makes it necessary on the part of the project managers to possess the right knowledge and experience in context to risk analysis and management. Thus, taking into consideration the above aspects, the researcher in the present study would emphasize upon analyzing the importance of risk management and identifying the risk management issues in project planning. Research Rationale Analysis has revealed that the success rate of the projects is very low globally and this evident from the fact that globally only 64% of the projects meet their goals. Moreover, around 70% of the companies report that at least one of their projects have failed in the year 2013 and this has resulted in a loss of around $109 million for every $1 billion they have invested in their projects (projectmanagementworks, 2014). Other statistics reveal that where high performing organizations are characterized with a success rate of 89%, the low performers are characterized with a success rate of mere 36%. The analysis of the major realisms behind the failure of the projects revealed that undefined risks are responsible for 30% of the project failures (projectmanagementworks, 2014). So, these figures clearly highlight the importance of risk management in project management. So, the above aspects motivated the researcher to undertake the study to analyze the importance of risk management and identify the risk management issues in project planning. Research Aim and Objectives The researcher in the present study would strive towards analyzing the importance of risk management issues in project planning together with analyzing the importance of risk management in project management and thus the entire study would be observed to revolving around the following research objectives: To analyze the risks that project managers attend to while managing the project. To analyze the risk management practices that project managers employ while managing the project. To investigate the risk management strategies employed by the project manager while managing the project. Literature Review The studies conducted by Hillson, (2006) has revealed that there are various concepts like explicit opportunity management, the uncertainty management paradigm, a constructively simple approach to evaluation and interpretation of estimates, risk attitude and complexity theory concepts that are important for improving the management of risk and uncertainty in a complex project environment. Moreover, the studies conducted by Olsson, (2007)put forward the fact that the probability based risk management theory does not provide explanation to the important aspects of the observed project management practice and the assumptions of the probability based approach exhibits limited applicability. Analysis of the available literature revealed that there exist very limited evidence where the literature is mainly focused upon the importance of risk management in project management and risk management issues in project management (Hillson Murray-Webster, 2008). So, this can be looked upon to be a research gap especially in context to the uncertainty and risk management practices on the part of the project manager in relation to the complexity of the project. Moreover, studies conducted by Zhang, (2011) has emphasized upon facilitating the project managers with advices in context to the ways in which they can manage the risks involved in the project rather an assessing the relative effectiveness of the advices. Thus, with increased number of project failure together with increasing complexities in the project and inadequate risk and uncertainty management practices creates the need to analyze the risk management strategies and practices that are efficient in managing the risks involved in the project. Research Process The researcher in the present study would strive towards collecting the secondary data from both the online and offline sources. The online sources would include the peer reviewed articles, early researches and journals published online (Zikmund et al., 2013). Various articles relevant to the undertaken study would be searched with the help of Google Search Engine and would be reviewed manually by reviewing the abstract, title and list of references to decide upon where to include the article or journal into study or not. The inclusion criteria would include studies providing details of risk management in project management, studies published within a time a frame of 2006 to 2016 and the studies published in English language. The sleeted articles for the study would be analyzed and interpreted to analyze the alignment that exist between the available literature and the findings that would determine the success of the study (Blumberg et al., 2014). Major Millstones of the Project: Gantt Chart Main Activities/ Stages Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Topic selection and its scope Identification of secondary data sources Preparation of research proposal Preparation of literature review Description of research methodology Preparing ethics form Analysing data Comparing findings Conclusion and recommendations Finalising and submission Conclusion The study would prove to be beneficial on the part of the researcher to gain the required knowledge to become a professional in Project Manager that would assist him in handling projects at work in future. References Atkinson, R., Crawford, L., Ward, S. (2006). Fundamental uncertainties in projects and the scope of project management.International journal of project management,24(8), 687-698. Bannerman, P. L. (2008). Risk and risk management in software projects: A reassessment.Journal of Systems and Software,81(12), 2118-2133. Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2014).Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristics required of an effective project manager: A web-based Delphi study.Educational technology research and development,54(2), 115-140. Crawford, L., Pollack, J., England, D. (2006). Uncovering the trends in project management: Journal emphases over the last 10 years.International journal of project management,24(2), 175-184. De Bakker, K., Boonstra, A., Wortmann, H. (2010). Does risk management contribute to IT project success? A meta-analysis of empirical evidence.International Journal of Project Management,28(5), 493-503. Ferraro, J. (2008). The strategic project leader. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach Publications. Hillson, D. (2006). Extending the risk process to manage opportunities. International Journal of Project Management, 20, 235-240. Hillson, D., Murray-Webster, R. (2008). Managing group risk attitude (pp. 190). Burlington, USA: Ashgate Publishing. Hlzle, K. (2010). Designing and implementing a career path for project managers.International Journal of Project Management,28(8), 779-786. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Larson, E. W., Gray, C. F. (2011). Project management: The managerial process. Madter, N., Bower, D. A., Aritua, B. (2012). Projects and personalities: A framework for individualising project management career development in the construction industry.International Journal of Project Management,30(3), 273-281. McManus, J. (2006). Leadership. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley Sons. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J., Shafer, S. M. (2013).Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education. Middlewood, D. and Abbott, I. (2012). Achieving success with your leadership project. Los Angeles: Sage. Olsson, R. (2007). In search of opportunity : Is the risk management process enough? International Journal of Project Management, 25(8), 745-752. Olsson, R. (2008). Risk management in a multi-project environment: An approach to manage portfolio risks.International journal of quality reliability management,25(1), 60-71. projectmanagementworks. (2014).Project Failure Statistics: The Shocking Truth. [online] Retrieved from: https://projectmanagementworks.com/project-failure-statistics/. Shenhar, A. J., Dvir, D. (2007).Reinventing project management: the diamond approach to successful growth and innovation. Harvard Business Review Press. Thomas, J., Mengel, T. (2008). Preparing project managers to deal with complexityAdvanced project management education.International Journal of Project Management,26(3), 304-315. Zhang, H. (2011). Two schools of risk analysis : A review of past research on project risk. Project Management Journal, 42(4), 5-18. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning.